Okur, FatihYılmaz, Hamid2024-10-042024-10-0420222651-5318https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/1098366http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/4153In this study, the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption per capita, foreign direct investment per capita and trade volume per capita was examined by utilizing the Granger causality method for the 2000-2019 period for Turkey. According to the causality findings of the first period, there is one-way causality from economic growth to foreign direct investment per capita and from foreign direct investment per capita to energy consumption per capita. The causality results of the second period present a unidirectional relationship from economic growth to foreign direct investments per capita, from foreign direct investments per capita to energy consumption per capita. Additionally, a one-way relationship is from both economic growth and energy consumption per capita to trade volume per capita.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessEconomic growthJohansen cointegrationArtificial neural networkenergy consumptionGranger causalityArticle711371481098366