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    Analysis of thermal energy storage in batch processes using phase change materials
    (Springer, 2025) Kaya, Nur Efsan; Ceviz, Mehmet Akif; Afshari, Faraz; Mandev, Emre; Koksal, Huseyin
    Batch reactors are widely utilized in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries due to their simplicity, ease of operation, and maintenance. However, efficient energy management remains a key challenge, especially for systems operating under intermittent conditions. While phase-change materials (PCMs) offer potential for improving energy efficiency by storing and reusing waste heat, integrating heat storage within reactors can compromise their volume and design. This study introduces a novel approach by designing and experimentally testing a PCM heat battery positioned outside the reactor to reduce energy consumption cost in batch processes. By focusing on peak load shifting, the PCM heat battery stores thermal energy during off-peak periods, reducing operational costs and enhancing energy efficiency. The results indicate that energy operating costs can be significantly reduced with a PCM heat battery. Specifically, utilizing the PCM battery under a three-time tariff allows for the efficient use of energy stored at night, reducing the energy cost per batch process by approximately 8%, from 1.72 TL ($0.041) to 1.59 TL ($0.037) for facilities starting operations at 08:00. Furthermore, the findings suggest potential applications in systems like solar energy and highlight the benefits of peak load shifting, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for energy management in batch processing.
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    Enhanced freshwater production in prism-type solar stills using a fresnel lens system with comprehensive energy-exergy and cost analysis
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2026) Ceviz, Mehmet Akif; Koksal, Huseyin; Afshari, Faraz; Muratcobanoglu, Burak
    This study presents the development and performance evaluation of a novel prism-type solar still integrated with a Fresnel lens concentration system designed to concentrate solar radiation on an external spiral heat exchanger. Experimental investigations were conducted under two different saline water flow rates of 0.05 and 0.1 kg/min. The performance of system was comprehensively analyzed in terms of fresh water yield, thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, and economic viability. The heated saline water and resultant vapor were directed into the prism-shaped condensation chamber, where condensation occurred efficiently. The experimental results demonstrated that lower saline water flow rates led to higher water temperatures and enhanced evaporation rates, thereby increasing freshwater productivity. In contrast, higher flow rates resulted in greater accumulation of saline water within the basin, reducing the evaporation rate and thus lowering overall productivity. The proposed design uniquely combines geometric enhancement via a prism-shaped condensation chamber with solar concentration through a Fresnel lens, enabling a dual-effect improvement in energy absorption and condensation efficiency, an approach not previously reported in the literature for solar desalination systems. The system achieved thermal and exergy efficiencies of 22.95 and 15.50%, respectively, at a saline water flow rate of 0.05 kg/min, producing 92 g of clean water in 60 min. Furthermore, the cost analysis conducted indicated a cost of $0.2546 per liter for this scenario.