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Öğe Cognitive and Emotional Mediators of the Transformation of Adverse Childhood Experiences into Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: Testing a Model in Young Adults(Sage Publications Inc, 2026) Akeren, Ihsan; Aktas, EmirhanStudies show that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in college students increase with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). If individuals in young adulthood cannot cope with the negative experiences they were exposed to in childhood, they are at risk of mental health problems later in life. This study aimed to determine whether the effects of the past continue into the present and to examine their scope by testing the effect of ACEs on depression, anxiety, and stress through positive and negative feelings and irrational beliefs. Using stratified convenience sampling, 708 volunteer undergraduate students, 458 female and 250 male, with a mean age of 20.84 years, were reached in their classrooms. In the cross-sectional correlational survey design, Hayes' PROCESS macro (model 80) was used for conditional process analyses after the regression assumptions were tested. The mediator variables positive and negative feelings and irrational beliefs accounted for about two-thirds of the effect of ACEs on depression (total effect = 0.598, 95% CI [0.442, 0.755], direct effect = 0.209 [0.069, 0.348]), about half of the effect on anxiety (total effect = 0.650 [0.499, 0.802], direct effect = 0.360 [0.214, 0.506]), and more than half of the effect on stress (total effect = 0.676 [0.507, 0.844], direct effect = 0.302 [0.146, 0.458]). Finally, compared to males, females had higher mean scores for ACEs, negative feelings, and depression, anxiety, and stress, and lower mean scores for irrational beliefs. In conclusion, the study shows that the negative effects of the past continue to appear in the present and recommends taking steps to prevent their potential risks for the mental health of young adults.Öğe The effect of loneliness on fear of aging: Mediated by social support(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Akeren, Zahide; Akeren, IhsanThe study aimed to examine the relationships between loneliness, perceived support and fear of old age, to determine how they differ according to some socio-demographic variables and of loneliness to reveal the mediating role of perceived social support in the effect on fear of old age. In the descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between November 2023 and January 2024, the Loneliness Orientation Scale (LOS), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) and Fear of Old Age Scale (FOS) were used. Correlational analysis was used in the analysis of data collected from 611 participants aged 18-65 with two-stage sampling, T-test and ANOVA were used in the comparison of means, and the Hayes' PROCESS macro was used to determine the mediating role of perceived social support. Women, singles, young people, those with low education and income fear old age more. There is a positive correlation between loneliness and fear of aging, and a negative correlation between these two and perceived social support. As a result, perceived social support is a partial mediator in the effect of loneliness on fear of old age and it should be considered as an effective source in reducing fear of old age.Öğe Perceived burdensomeness and happiness in cohabiting older adults: The serial mediating roles of mental well-being and loneliness(Mosby-Elsevier, 2026) Akeren, Zahide; Akeren, Ihsan; Kalyoncuo, ServetBackground: Aging-related changes and increased dependence on family members may negatively affect older adults' psychological well-being. Perceived burdensomeness refers to the belief that one is a burden on others and has been associated with lower happiness, reduced mental well-being, and greater loneliness. Among adults living with their families, mental well-being and loneliness may explain how perceived burdensomeness relates to happiness in later life. Purpose: This study examined the associations between perceived burdensomeness and happiness among older adults living with their families and evaluated the serial mediating roles of mental well-being and loneliness. Methods: This cross-sectional study included individuals aged >= 65 years residing with family members in a city in Turkey's Eastern Black Sea region. Data were collected from 273 older adults; after preliminary screening, 7 cases were excluded, resulting in a final analytic sample of N = 266. Measures included the Geriatric Feelings of Burdensomeness Scale, WHO-5, the Happiness Scale, and the Loneliness Scale for the Elderly. Serial mediation was tested using a regression-based approach with bootstrap confidence intervals. Results: Perceived burdensomeness was associated with lower mental well-being and higher loneliness. The total association between burdensomeness and happiness was negative (beta=-0.467), and more than twothirds of this association operated indirectly through mental well-being and loneliness. Conclusion and Implications: Perceived burdensomeness was associated with lower happiness among older adults living with their families, primarily through reduced mental well-being and increased loneliness. In geriatric nursing and primary care, routinely assessing these psychosocial factors and implementing familycentered and social support-oriented interventions may help improve happiness. (c) 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Öğe Social Media Interaction Motivation Scale: Development and Relations with Fear of Missing Out, Phubbing, Social Media Disorder, Gender and Time Spent(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2026) Akeren, Ihsan; Kocak, Lokman; Ozgol, Mustafa; Demir, MustafaSocial media, which is one of the platforms where online activities are most intensely observed, has become an indispensable element of daily life as it enables individuals to interact. The aim of this three-phase study was to develop a measure of social media interaction motivation (SMIM) among those who use at least one of these platforms, to test its validity and reliability, and then to examine its relationship with some variables that were found to be similar. SMIM increases unhealthy cyber behaviors such as fear of missing out (FoMO) and phubbing. Comparing the measures across the three studies, the means of SMD, FoMO, and phubbing do not differ by gender, except for the higher SMIMS scores of females in Study 2. However, these means increase dramatically with time spent on social media. Considering some limitations of the study, we present our suggestions for future studies.Öğe The Effect of Self-Regulated Learning-Based Practices on Writing Anxiety: A Curriculum-Focused Mixed Study(Sage Publications Inc, 2025) Kaplan, Kadir; Akeren, Ihsan; Gulden, BahadirAnxiety is part of daily life, and when it is not controlled, it negatively affects performance and success. One type of anxiety that students experience at school as a result of the pressures of educational life is writing anxiety. In the current study, the role of self-regulated learning skills in reducing writing anxiety was examined. The fifth-grade self-regulated writing program (S-rWP) was developed, tested, and revised to align with the text types specified in the native language (L1) course curriculum. A multi-stage random sampling method was used to determine the participants to whom the final program would be applied, and the mean pre-test writing anxiety scores of the two groups, an experimental group and a control group, were close to each other. An instructor trained in self-regulated learning strategies conducted the seven-session program to the experimental group for 6 weeks, while in the same period the same curriculum was conducted to the control group using the traditional teaching method, and finally post-test measurements were taken. Quantitative data from the mixed-method study showed that S-rWP was effective in reducing writing anxiety compared to the standard teaching method. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the participants, the L1 teacher and the instructor. The results show that S-rWP is effective in reducing writing anxiety, in line with the quantitative findings. The participants provided information to support the findings through their opinions, and the L1 teacher and instructor provided information to support the findings through their observations. The results appear to stem from the overlap between students' writing planning, implementation, and evaluation processes and the three stages of self-regulated learning (forethought, performance, and self-reflection). However, despite these positive outcomes, several suggestions for future research are proposed, taking into account the study's limitations.Öğe The Effect of Self-Regulation on the Need for Psychological Help Through Happiness, Resilience, Problem Solving, Self-Efficacy, and Adjustment: A Parallel Mediation Study in Adolescent Groups(Mdpi, 2025) Akeren, Ihsan; Celik, Eyup; Yayla, Ibrahim Erdogan; Ozgol, MustafaIntroduction: Adolescence is a developmental period in which the risk of mental problems is high. Failure to resolve the problems encountered during this period may result in the need for psychological help. Based on the literature review, this study aimed to examine self-regulation, which has the potential to reduce adolescents' need for psychological help, and the mediation of happiness, resilience, problem solving, self-efficacy, and adjustment through this skill. Methods: In the cross-sectional correlational survey design study, 1013 adolescents (542 girls, 471 boys, mean age: 15.04 +/- 1.75 years) aged 12-19 years and studying in middle and high school in Bayburt, Turkey were reached. Seven different questionnaires, valid and reliable in adolescent groups, were used to measure the study variables. Results: Correlation results showed that all predictors were positively correlated with each other and negatively correlated with the dependent variable, the need for psychological help. After testing the assumptions, the results of the parallel mediation analysis showed that happiness, problem solving, self-efficacy, and adjustment fully mediated the effect of self-regulation on the need for psychological help. Another finding is that resilience is not a predictor of psychological distress. Conclusions: The results are important because they provide insight for those working in the field of adolescent mental health in terms of understanding the factors through which self-regulation reduces the need for psychological help.
