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    Determination of radioprotective and genotoxic properties of sulfamide derivatives
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2021) Aygun, Bunyamin; Alaylar, Burak; Akincioglu, Akin; Alim, Bunyamin; Kocaman, Ebu Talip; Karadayi, Mehmet; Abu Al-Sayyed, Mohammed Ibrahim
    Some potential drug active substances with the ability to reduce the effects of radiation on human tissues and cells were investigated. For this purpose, eight different types of sulfamide derivatives were synthesized and nuclear radiation protection parameters were determined. Neutron radiation reduction parameters such as the half-value layer effective removal cross-sections, mean free path, and the number of particles passing through the sample were determined with GEANT4 code. Additionally, the gamma radiation attenuation parameters of the materials examined were determined using Phy-X/PSD software in the energy area of 0.015-15 MeV. These parameters are the half-value layer, mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path, exposure buildup factor and effective atomic number. Neutron radiation absorption experiments were applied using an Am-241-Be fast neutron source. All results obtained for neutron radiation were compared with paraffin and water. It has been found that the ability of sulfamide derivatives to absorb these radiations is superior to reference materials. To determine whether these derivatives could have adverse effects on human health, their genotoxic potential was determined using the Ames/Salmonella bacterial reversion test. The results showed that these derivatives can be considered genotoxically safe in tests at concentrations up to 5 mM. Thus, it is suggested that the derivative materials examined in this study can be used as active substances for a drug to be made for protection against both neutron and gamma radiation.
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    Determination of toxicity and radioprotective properties of bacterial and fungal eumelanin pigments
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Bayram, Sinan; Aygun, Bunyamin; Karadayi, Mehmet; Alaylar, Burak; Gulluce, Medine; Karabulut, Abdulhalik
    PurposeDetermination of the protective property of melanin, an organic polymer class consisting of phenolic and/or indolic compounds isolated from bacteria and fungi, against fast neutron radiation. To show that these melanin samples, which also have antioxidant and metal chelating properties, can be used as an active ingredient for a drug to be developed against neutrons used in nuclear research and medicine.Materials and methodsBacterial and fungal media were prepared, and melanin pigments were produced and isolated. For molecular characterization of pigments, bacterial genomic DNA extraction, 16S rDNA gene amplification processes, and fungal genomic DNA extraction, ITS1, and ITS4 Gene Regions amplification were performed. The DEL assay was implemented to determine the genotoxicity properties of bacterial and fungal melanin pigments. Samples were prepared in a pad measuring 10 ml volume (60 x 15 mm) at a concentration of 0.2-1 microgram in 1% agarose gel for radiation-absorbed dose measurements. Absorption measurements were made using Am-241-Be fast neutron source and Canberra brand NP series BF3 gaseous detector to determine the neutron radiation absorption capacity of all samples. The results obtained to determine the absorption degrees of melanin samples were compared with paraffin and normal concrete, which are widely used in neutron radiation shielding studies.ResultsMelanin pigments were obtained using different bacteria and fungi strains. Afterwards, the fast neutron radiation absorption capacity of these purified pigments were determined. Compared to reference samples, these pigments were found to have slightly lower radiation absorbing ability. In addition to these experiments, cytotoxicity tests were carried out using the Yeast DEL assay technique to evaluate the potential for use of these organic pigments in fields such as medicine and pharmacology. According to the results obtained from the tests, it was determined that these melanin samples did not have any toxic effects.ConclusionIt was determined that these melanin samples have the potential to be used as a radioprotective drug active substance to protect the tissues and cells of people exposed to neutron radiation after a nuclear accident or nuclear war.Giving a drug that will be developed by using these active ingredients before or after people are exposed to a radiation environment can provide great benefits.
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    Investigation of neutron and gamma radiation protective characteristics of synthesized quinoline derivatives
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Aygun, Bunyamin; Alaylar, Burak; Turhan, Kadir; Sakar, Erdem; Karadayi, Mehmet; Abu Al-Sayyed, Ibrahim; Pelit, Emel
    Purpose: Quinoline is formed by various natural compounds, such as alkaloids from the cinchona plant, which exhibit various biological activities, and is an important building material for the development of new drugs. Quinoline can be used in anti-radiation drug development but radiation interaction properties must be determined. Material and methods: In this study, six types of synthesized quinoline derivatives were used. Fast neutron removal cross-section, mean free path, half value layer and transmission number were theoretically determined by using GEometry ANd Tracking 4 and FLUktuierende KAskade simulation codes for neutron shielding. Neutron dose absorption rates were determined using the(241)Am-Be fast neutron source and the Canberra NP series portable BF(3)gas proportional neutron detector. Gamma radiation shielding parameters were determined by using WinXCom and PSY-X/PSD software. Additionally, the genotoxic potentials of the derivatives were assessed by using the Ames/Salmonellabacterial reversion assay. Results and conclusions: Neutron shielding parameters such as removal cross-section, mean free path, half value layer and transmission number were theoretically determined for fast neutrons. To determine neutron absorption capacity of quinoline derivatives, neutron absorption, experiments were conducted. In addition, gamma radiation shielding parameters were calculated such as the mean free path (MFP), mass attenuation coefficient (mu t), half value thickness layer (HVL) and effective atomic number (Zeff) in the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. The results of the all quinoline derivatives have excellent fast neutron shielding power compared to ordinary concrete. In addition, all quinoline derivatives have been found to have the capacity to attenuate gamma radiation. Moreover, they absorb well in both types of radiation, do not cause secondary radiation, and they are genotoxically safe at the tested concentrations. This study has demonstrated that these products can be used as active ingredients for a drug to be developed against radiation.
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    Potential bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria from pastırma
    (2021) Güllüce, Medine; Kaya, Mükerrem; Kaban, Güzin; Karadayı, Mehmet; Alaylar, Burak; Kamıloğlu, Aybike; Işık, Ceyda
    Recent researches conducted have focused on the possibility of using bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria both(LAB) as protective cultures and as natural antimicrobial agents in dry cured meat products such as pastırma. In thepresent study, 50 lactic acid bacteria strains, previously isolated from various traditional pastırma samples, were testedfor their antimicrobial potentials. Determination of antagonistic activities against food-borne pathogenic strains (Listeriamonocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) were done by using agar-spot and well diffusion assays.Then, active isolates were identified by using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. According to the results, 11 of testedLAB were determined with significant bacteriocinogenic potential and these were assigned to as 1 Lactobacillusplantarum, 9 L. plantarum subsp. plantarum and 1 Pediococcus pentosaceus. In conclusion, it was reached that theisolated/identified bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria strains from pastırma samples have a significant potential toprepare pure or crude bacteriocin preparations.