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Öğe A case study comparing seismic retrofitting techniques for a historically significant masonry building's minaret(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Kiral, Adnan; Ergun, Mustafa; Tonyali, Zeliha; Artar, Musa; Senturk, IdrisHistorical masonry structures are extremely susceptible to earthquakes due to their characteristic features. Seismic performance and corresponding damage patterns vary between these buildings. Even though the main structure was undamaged, many minarets suffered damage or collapsed due to the transmission of large forces from the main mass to the minaret and the abrupt changes in cross-section due to the geometry of the minaret. This study uses an ancient masonry mosque as a case study, whose minaret and main building are constructed as a single structure. The mosque's minaret under seismic excitation is the focus of this study. The adopted model is called Alaeddin Bey Mosque in Mus,, T & uuml;rkiye. The seismic performance assessment of the minaret, considering various retrofitting options, is mainly based on four critical parameters: base shear, acceleration, displacement, and maximum tensile forces in all three dimensions. The analyzed retrofitting methods include base isolation located in the basement of the mosque, viscous dampers placed only in the upper part of the minaret, Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer fabric fitted to only the minaret, and steel plates applied to only the minaret. Representative structural models of the mosque have been modelled with SAP2000 software. The main novelty of this study is the use of viscous dampers in the minaret. It is the first time a design methodology has been introduced for viscous damper applications in minarets. This methodology aims to prevent local damage to the minaret due to the forces generated by the dampers, while also considering the constraints of limited internal space within the minaret. The finding of this study shows that viscous damper application yields significantly better results compared to the application of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer fabric and steel plates. However, although base isolation reduces the tensile stress values throughout the entire mosque to levels well below the material's strength, viscous damper application in the minaret significantly reduces tensile stresses only in the minaret. As a result, viscous dampers are recommended for damage reduction in the minaret only. Otherwise, base isolation should be considered for reducing stress values throughout the entire mosque including the minaret. This study contributes towards the development of new seismic retrofitting methods for historic masonry buildings 'minaret.Öğe ÇELİK SİSTEMLERİN GENETİK ALGORİTMA İLE DİNAMİK SINIRLAYICILI OPTİMİZASYONU(Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 2014) Artar, Musa; Daloğlu, AyşeGenetik algoritma geleneksel sınırlayıcılar yanında dinamik sınırlayıcılar dailave edilerek çelik sistemlerin optimizasyonu için kullanılmıştır. Biyolojik organizmaların genetiksüreçlerini esas alan genetik algoritma ile optimizasyonda kopyalama,çift noktalı çaprazlama ve mutasyon operatörleri dikkate alınmıştır. Yapı sistemlerininanalizleri için TS 648'de yer alan tasarım koşulları kullanılmıştır. Optimizasyonişlemi ilk olarak maksimum kabuledilebilir gerilme, maksimum kabul edilebilir yer değiştirme ve otomatik olarakminimum kesit alanı sınırlayıcıları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha sonrasisteme ait 1.doğal periyot için belirli bir sınır değer sınırlayıcı olarakprobleme dahil edilmiştir. Buamaçla MATLAB'de bir program kodlanmış ve elde edilensonuçlar mümkün olduğu ölçüde SAP2000 programı yardımıyla doğrulanmıştır. Ayrıktasarım değişkenleri kullanılarak optimizasyona olanak tanıyan genetik algoritmaile elde edilen sonuçların pratik olarak uygulanabilir olduğu bir kez dahagösterilmiştir. Geliştirilen bilgisayar programı çelik yapıların tasarımı veboyutlandırılması için ülkemizde halen yürürlükte olan TS 648'deki tasarımkriterlerine göre hazırlanmıştır ancak diğer yapı standartlarınauyarlanabilmesi oldukça kolaydır. Anahtar kelimeler: Genetikalgoritma, Optimizasyon, Çelik yapılar, Dinamik sınırlayıcıÖğe Çok katlı kompozit çelik çerçevelerin genetik algoritma ile dinamik sınırlayıcılı optimizasyonu(2015) Artar, Musa; Daloğlu, AyşeYapı sistemlerinin minimum a ğırlık olacak ş ekilde, yani optimum boyutlandır ılmas ı, yapı mühendisliğinin temel konular ı aras ında yer almaktadır. Sistem elemanlar ının optimizasyonu esnas ında öncelik gerekli ş artların sa ğlanmas ıdır. Bu çalış mada biyolojik süreçleri taklit eden genetik algoritma kullanılarak çelik çerçeve sistemlerinin geleneksel ve dinamik s ınırlayıc ılar için optimizasyonu gerçekle ş tirilmiş tir. Boyutlandırmada göz önünde bulundurulan gerekli ş artlar TS648 Çelik yapılar ın hesap ve yapım kurallar ı ş artnamesine uygun ş ekilde gerilme s ınırlayıc ıları olarak belirlenmiş tir. Buna ilaveten yer de ğiş tirme s ınırlayıc ılar ı kullanılmış tır. Ayr ıca doğal frekanslar dinamik s ınırlayıc ılar olarak iş leme dahil edilmiş tir. Çok katlı düzlem çerçeve örnekleri optimum boyutlandır ılmış ve sonuçlar karş ıla ş tır ılmış tır. İş lemler çerçevelerin kompozit kiriş li olmas ı durumu için tekrarlanmış tır. Tüm bu uygulamalar ın pratik olarak yürütülebilmesi için MATLAB[22]da bir program geliş tirilmiş tir. Geliş tirilen program ile çerçeve sistemlere iliş kin elde edilen sonuçlar SAP2000[23] programı yardımı ile doğrulanmış tır. Kompozit kiriş li çerçevelerin daha hafif olduğu ve dinamik s ınırlayıc ıların boyutlandırmayı etkilediği gösterilmiş tir.Öğe Comparative seismic design optimization of spatial steel dome structures through three recent metaheuristic algorithms(Higher Education Press, 2022) Carbas, Serdar; Artar, MusaSteel dome structures, with their striking structural forms, take a place among the impressive and aesthetic load bearing systems featuring large internal spaces without internal columns. In this paper, the seismic design optimization of spatial steel dome structures is achieved through three recent metaheuristic algorithms that are water strider (WS), grey wolf (GW), and brain storm optimization (BSO). The structural elements of the domes are treated as design variables collected in member groups. The structural stress and stability limitations are enforced by ASD-AISC provisions. Also, the displacement restrictions are considered in design procedure. The metaheuristic algorithms are encoded in MATLAB interacting with SAP2000 for gathering structural reactions through open application programming interface (OAPI). The optimum spatial steel dome designs achieved by proposed WS, GW, and BSO algorithms are compared with respect to solution accuracy, convergence rates, and reliability, utilizing three real-size design examples for considering both the previously reported optimum design results obtained by classical metaheuristic algorithms and a gradient descent-based hyperband optimization (HBO) algorithm.Öğe DAMAGE DETECTION IN SIMULATED SPACE FRAMES USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2015) Artar, Musa; Daloglu, Ayse T.Genetic algorithms (GA) based finite element model updating are applied to predict damage location and severity in space frames. The changes in natural frequencies are used as dynamic indicators to describe damaged members. Objective functions including dynamic data provide minimization of dynamic differences between numerical model and simulated damaged model. The presence of damages in structural elements is identified by stiffness reduction as a reduction in modulus of elasticity. Reproduction, double-point crossover and mutation operators are used in GA optimization procedures. In this paper, different simulated examples having various damage scenarios are modelled in SAP2000 software to obtain the experimental dynamic data. In the last example, noise effect is taken into account in simulated damaged data. A program is developed in MATLAB software for numerical model updating based on all genetic algorithm procedures. Thus, the size and extent of simulated damages are determined by updated numerical model. Results obtained from examples show that GA optimization is a convenient method for damage identification.Öğe Damage Detection on Steel Plane Trusses via Harmony Search Algorithm(İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, 2018) Artar, Musa; Çatar, Recep; Daloğlu, AyseA damage detection study is presented on steel plane truss structures via harmony search algorithm which is one of the basic metaheuristic methods. This algorithm method mimics better musical harmony procedures. Optimum solutions are carried out by a harmony memory matrix consisting of a predetermined number of solution vectors. Scenario damages are considered on truss models. The locations of the damages are tried to determine by using the dynamic parameters. To obtain damage locations, a program based on the finite element method is coded in MATLAB programming. The dynamic parameters of damaged models are obtained by SAP2000 software. By using MATLAB programming, the scenario damage locations considered in SAP2000 programs are tried to determine by approaching the dynamic values of the damaged model as a result of a series of iterations. The results are presented by tables and figures. The results show that scenario damages on truss models are successfully detected by using dynamic parameters in MATLAB programming.Öğe Discrete sizing design of steel truss bridges through teaching-learning-based and biogeography-based optimization algorithms involving dynamic constraints(Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Artar, Musa; Carbas, SerdarIn this paper, Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) and Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) algorithms are presented to examine the optimum discrete sizing design of steel truss steel bridges for minimizing the structural weights. Both proposed nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms are encoded in MATLAB with integration of a structural analysis program (SAP2000) via open application programming interface (OAPI). At the end, optimal steel profiles are selected from available discrete section lists by satisfying the structural restrictions, such as stress and displacement, involved by American Institute of Steel Construction-Allowable Stress Design (AISC-ASD). Additional to these, optimum discrete sizing design process is performed for the cases with and without dynamic constraints, which are adopted from natural periods of the bridge structures with respect to the mode shapes. The algorithmic performance of the proposed algorithms outperforms on both planar and spatial steel truss bridges. To prove this obtained optimal solutions are compared with previously reported optimum designs attaining via different metaheuristics. The final optimum discrete sizing designs of the steel truss bridges reveal that the proposed TLBO and BBO algorithms can easily be applied to discrete nonlinear programming problems.Öğe DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF HISTORICAL BAYBURT GRAND MOSQUE(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2020) Yurdakul, Muhammet; Yilmaz, Fatih; Artar, MusaIn this study, the locations of the damages that would occur when a historical building was exposed to different earthquakes were determined. The selected building is Bayburt Ulu Mosque located in the city center of Bayburt and it was built by the Anatolian Seljuk Sultan II. Giyaseddin. This selected historical building is modelled according to the macro modelling technique in the SAP2000 program using the finite element method. Modules of elasticity, poisson's ratio and weight per unit of volume of Bayburt Stone which is used in the mosque are determined by the experiment. Also, the properties of the ground on which the building was built are determined. As earthquake records which recorded on similar grounds, components of DZC180 and DZC270 of 17 August 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, components BOL000 and BOL090 of 12 November 1999 Duzce earthquake and components of ERZE-EW and ERZE-NS of 13 March 1999 Erzincan earthquake are used. In the results of the dynamic analysis made, quantities and locations of the strains that can occur in the historic mosque are determined.Öğe Investigation of notch effect in the optimum weight design of steel truss towers via Particle Swarm Optimization and Firefly Algorithm(Higher Education Press, 2025) Yilmaz, Elif; Artar, Musa; Ergun, MustafaIn this study, the optimal weight designs of steel truss towers are determined, considering the notch effect. Thus, the impact of discontinuities in the cross-sections of steel elements on the total weight of the structure is revealed. For this purpose, the optimal weight designs of different truss towers analyzed by other researchers in previous years are reexamined using Particle Swarm Optimization and Firefly Algorithm. The main program where finite element analyses and optimization algorithms are encoded has been developed in MATLAB. Displacement, stress, geometric, and section height constraints are used in optimization methods. The effectiveness of these methods has been demonstrated by comparing both the results in the literature and with each other under un-notched conditions. Subsequently, considering the notch effect on the tension bar with the highest stress capacity in each structure, the impact of stress concentration on the minimum weight sizing of the structure is investigated using these proven methods. When the analysis results of both cases are examined, it is observed that the optimum weights of all structures under the notch effect have slightly increased. The stress concentration around the notch severely raises the nominal stress in the cross-section. In this case, the cross-section becomes insufficient due to the overcapacity, requiring larger profiles. The structure's weight shows an increasing trend depending on the number of notched elements and the severity of stress concentration. Additionally, SAP2000 software is utilized for numerical simulations of the structures under identical conditions, enhancing the research content and providing further support for the comprehensive design optimization analyses. Consequently, minimizing the adverse effects of notches through careful material selection, proper manufacturing and assembly techniques, and regular maintenance is essential. The effects of notches should be considered in structural analysis and design, with measures taken to mitigate these effects when necessary.Öğe Investigation of temperature effect on the optimal weight design of steel truss bridges using Cuckoo Search Algorithm(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Keles, Meryem; Artar, Musa; Ergun, MustafaIn this article, the optimum weight design of steel truss bridges is carried out by considering the effect of temperature. One of the most significant issues such structures may encounter throughout their service life is the extreme temperature changes that can occur for various reasons. If a steel bridge is designed without considering this unfavorable scenario that might arise in the future, significant damage could happen in terms of the usability limit state, and it might even collapse by exceeding its carrying capacity before reaching its service life. Therefore, this study aims to conduct weight optimizations of steel truss bridges, considering the effect of temperature. Thus, it has been revealed how high-temperature variations alter material properties and affect the overall optimum weight of the structure. For this purpose, the minimum-weight designs of three planar steel truss bridges previously analyzed by other researchers have been re-evaluated using the Cuckoo Search Algorithm. The main program containing the flow steps of the algorithm based on the finite element method is coded in MATLAB. Stress and displacement limit values are used as constraints in solving the problems. The optimum weight results for each structure in the case of temperature effect not being considered are relatively similar. Thus, it has been demonstrated that the Cuckoo Search Algorithm can optimize such problems by comparing its results with similar studies in the literature. Then, the analyses are renewed by incorporating the temperature effect using this proven method. When the findings of both cases are examined, it is observed that the optimum weight values for all structures under the influence of temperature increase. This is due to the decrease in the material's modulus of elasticity because of the high-temperature change. In this case, the cross-section is insufficient owing to the loss of rigidity, and larger profiles are needed. The structure's weight tends to increase depending on the severity of the temperature. Also, numerical simulations of the structures under the same conditions are carried out with SAP2000 software to supplement the design optimization analyses detailed above and enrich the research content.Öğe Investigation of time-history response of a historical masonry minaret under seismic loads(Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Yurdakul, Muhammet; Yilmaz, Fatih; Artar, Musa; Can, Omer; Oner, Erdal; Daloglu, Ayse T.This study presents an investigation of the seismic performance of a historical masonry minaret which was built in the 12th century in Bayburt. The minaret was built as masonry with regional stones and handmade bricks. The most important feature of the minaret is its longitudinally conical geometry. An experimental investigation was made to obtain the mechanical properties of the regional stone used in the historical minaret. A three-dimensional Finite Element Model of the historical minaret was created in SAP2000. Three earthquake ground motions such as Erzincan, Kocaeli-Duzce, and Van-Ercis were used to investigate the seismic performance of the historical minaret. The results show that Erzincan, Kocaeli-Duzce and Van-Ercis earthquakes may cause some damages in the same zone of the minaret body since the tensile stresses occurred due to the earthquakes exceed the limit tensile stress of the masonry brick. The use of the data obtained from the experimental investigation of the Bayburt yellow stone in the analysis is important for the reliability of the results.Öğe Investigation on seismic isolation retrofit of a historical masonry structure(Techno-Press, 2019) Artar, Musa; Coban, Keziban; Yurdakul, Muhammet; Can, Omer; Yilmaz, Fatih; Yildiz, Mehmet B.In this study, seismic vulnerability assessment and seismic isolation retrofit of Bayburt Yakutiye Mosque is investigated. Bayburt Yakutiye Mosque was built in the early 19th century at about 30-meter distance to Coruh river in the center of Bayburt in Turkey. The walls of historical masonry structure were built with regional white and yellow stones and the domes of the mosque was built with masonry bricks. This study is completed in four basic phases. In first phase, experimental determination of the regional white stone used in the historical structure are investigated to determine mechanical properties as modulus of elasticity, poison ratio and compression strengths etc. The required information of the other materials such as masonry brick and the regional yellow stone are obtained from literature studies. In the second phase, three dimensional finite element model (FEM) of the historical masonry structure is prepared with 4738 shell elements and 24789 solid elements in SAP2000 software. In third phase, the vulnerability assessment of the historical mosque is researched under seismic loading such as Erzincan (13 March 1992), Kocaeli (17 August 1999) and Van (23 November 2011) earthquakes. In this phase, the locations where damage can occur are determined. In the final phase, rubber base isolators for seismic isolation retrofit is used in the macro model of historical masonry mosque to prevent the damage risk. The results of all analyses are comparatively evaluated in details and presented in tables and graphs. The results show that the application of rubber base isolators can prevent to occur the destructive effect of earthquakes.Öğe Öğretme-öğrenme esaslı optimizasyon yöntemi ile uzay kafes kule yapı sisteminin optimum boyutlandırılması(2016) Artar, MusaBu çalışmada, son yıllarda geliştirilmiş öğretme-öğrenme esaslı optimizasyon yönteminin çelik uzay kafes sistemlerinin optimum boyutlandırılmasındaki başarısının araştırılması hedeflenmiştir ve bu bağlamda 942 elemanlı uzay çelik kafes kule problemi sayısal örnek olarak kullanılmıştır. Diğer bir çok stokastik algoritma yönteminde olduğu gibi öğretme-öğrenme esaslı optimizasyon yöntemi de çevremizdeki olayları taklit etmektedir. Bu algoritma yönteminde analiz işlemleri öğretmen ve öğrencilerinden oluşan bir sınıf ile yürütülmektedir. Sınıftaki her bir öğrenci bir yapı modelini temsil etmektedir ve öğretme-öğrenme aşamaları ile her bir öğrencinin bilgi seviyesinin arttırılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu sayede belirli bir iterasyon sonunda en iyi sonucu (sınırlayıcıları sağlayan ve minimum yapı ağırlığında olan) veren yapı modeli elde edilebilmektedirÖğe The Optimization of Multi-Storey Composite Steel Frames with Genetic Algorithm Including Dynamic Constraints(Turkish Chamber Civil Engineers, 2015) Artar, Musa; Daloglu, AyseOptimum design of the structures, in other words designing the structures with minimum weight is one of the major research areas in structural engineering. The priority during optimization process is to ensure whether the necessary conditions are satisfied or not. In this study, the optimization of steel frame systems is carried out for traditional and dynamic constraints by using a genetic algorithm that mimics the biological processes. The stress constraints are determined according to TS648-Turkish code for design and construction of steel structures. Furthermore, displacement constrains are considered in the optimization procedure. In addition, natural frequencies are incorporated as dynamic constraints. Optimum design of multi-story plane frames is obtained and comparisons with the results of previous studies are made. The same design processes are repeated for the case of frames with composite beams. A program is coded in MATLAB to carry out all these applications. Results obtained in the study for the frame systems are also verified by SAP2000. It is concluded that the weight of the frames with composite beams are fewer and the dynamic constraints affect the design.Öğe Optimizing the seismic resilience performance of steel truss bridges by maximum energy dissipation via friction dampers(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Artar, Musa; Carbas, SerdarThe primary aim of this study is to propose an innovative design methodology for optimizing the seismic resilience performance of steel truss bridges by dissipating the maximum input seismic energy. Maximum seismic energy dissipation is carried out by means of Pall friction dampers (PFDs), popularly categorized among passive energy-damping devices. PFDs distribute input seismic energy with a slip motion along with friction during an earthquake. For that, it is important to determine the optimal slip load value for the PFDs to start working before the structural elements reach the yield point. To determine the optimal slip load values of the PFDs under earthquake effects, the maximum seismic energy distribution is assured by nature-inspired Squirrel Search (SS) and Water Strider (WS) metaheuristic algorithms for steel truss bridges equipped with PFDs. Finally, steel truss bridges on which PFDs with optimal slip load values have been implemented are optimally designed to achieve the minimal structural weight while satisfying ASD-AISC Code of Practice requirements. In order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed design methodology, two design examples of 113-member and 465-member steel truss bridges steel are presented. The optimal slip loads attained with the SS and WS algorithms by conducting the proposed design methodology are 2.45% and 3.75% of the structural weight for the first design example and 2.64% and 2.63% of the structural weight for the second design example, respectively, which are much lower than those considered in practical applications. Moreover, the numerical results show that by 93.5% and 99.48% maximum distribution rates of input seismic energy are accomplished in the bridges. The results indicate that the proposed design methodology exhibit superior performance in optimizing the seismic resilience performance of steel truss bridges by maximum energy dissipation via friction dampers.Öğe Optimum Design of Braced Steel Space Frames Using Teaching Learning Based Optimization(İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, 2018) Daloğlu, Ayşe; Artar, Musa; Özgan, Korhan; Karakaş, Ali İ.In this study, optimum design of braced steel space frames is obtained via a novel metaheuristic method, teaching learning based optimization. This algorithm method consists of the two basic phases. The first phase is called as teaching; In this phase, the knowledge interaction occurs between students and teacher. In the second phase, learning phase, the knowledge interaction occurs among students in the class. Optimum profiles are selected among 128 W taken from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). The constraints imposed on the frame example are stress constraints as stated in AISC-ASD specifications, geometric constraints and displacement constraints. To obtain optimum solutions, a program is coded in MATLAB programming to incorporate with SAP2000 - Open Application Programming Interface (OAPI). The results are compared through tables and figures. The results indicate that teaching learning based optimization method and MATLAB SAP2000 OAPI technique are applicable even for complex problems and present practical solutions.Öğe Optimum design of cold-formed steel frames via five novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms under consideration of seismic loading(Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Carbas, Serdar; Artar, MusaIn this paper, an unbiased comparative assessment scheme for algorithmic performances of five novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms in design optimization of steel frames made out of cold-formed steel sections under consideration of seismic loading is presented. These contemporary algorithms are so-called tree seed, squirrel search, water strider, grey wolf, and brain storm optimization. The functionality of the proposed algorithms is appraised with respect to design precisions in both portal and space cold-formed steel frames formulated according to the design provisions implemented by AISI-LRFD (American Iron and Steel Institute-Load and Resistance Factor Design). The cross-sectional dimensions of steel profiles, which are selected from available set of cold-formed thin-walled single-C sections, are treated as design variables in the optimization process in order to minimize the structural weight of the frames. In addition to specification constraint requirements, lateral and vertical displacement restrictions of the structural elements required for stability of the frames are also taken into account. Design optimization algorithms necessitate the structural response of cold-formed steel frames under load combinations including seismic loading effects which is accomplished by utilizing the open application programming interface (OAPI) mastery of MATLAB with SAP2000. The design optimization of cold-formed steel frames that is a discrete nonlinear programming problem reveal the robustness and applicability of proposed contemporary nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms in real-sized complex structural optimization problems.Öğe Optimum design of industrial structures via harmony search algorithm including corrosion effect(E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 2017) Artar, Musa; Çatar, Recep; Daloğlu, Ayşe T.This paper presents optimum designs of industrial structures comprised of truss roof members and frame members including corrosion effect on steel cross-sections by using harmony search algorithm method. A profile list taken from AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) is used in optimization. The stress and displacement constraints according to AISC-ASD (Allowable Stress Design) are applied in the optimum design process. A program was coded in MATLAB for incorporating with SAP2000-OAPI (Open Application Programming Interface). Harmony search algorithm method, one of the last stochastic techniques, is selected for optimum solution. In this study, optimum designs of the plane structures are studied for the cases with and without corrosion effects.Öğe Optimum design of steel space truss towers under seismic effect using Jaya algorithm(Techno-Press, 2019) Artar, Musa; Daloglu, Ayse T.This study investigates optimum designs of steel space truss towers under seismic loading by using Jaya optimization algorithm. Turkish Earthquake Code (2007) specifications are applied on optimum designs of steel space truss towers under the seismic loading for different local site classes depending on different soil groups. The proposed novel algorithm does not have any algorithm-specific control parameters and depends only a simple revision equation. Therefore, it provides a practical solution for structural optimization problems. Optimum solutions of the different steel truss examples are carried out by selecting suitable W sections taken from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). In order to obtain optimum solutions, a computer program is coded in MATLAB in corporated with SAP2000-OAPI (Open Application Programming Interface). The stress and displacement constraints are applied on the design problems according to AISC-ASD (Allowable Stress Design) specifications. Firstly, a benchmark truss problem is examined to see the efficiency of Jaya optimization algorithm. Then, two different multi-element truss towers previously solved with other methods without seismic loading in literature are designed by the proposed algorithm. The first space tower is a 582-member space truss with the height of 80 m and the second space tower is a 942-member space truss of about 95 m height. The minimum optimum designs obtained with this novel algorithm for the case without seismic loading are lighter than the ones previously attained in the literature studies. The results obtained in the study show that Jaya algorithm is a practical and robust optimization method for structural optimization problems. Moreover, incorporation of the seismic loading causes significant increase in the minimum design weight.Öğe Optimum Discrete Design of Steel Planar Trusses Comprising Earthquake Load Impact(Springer-Verlag Singapore Pte Ltd, 2022) Carbas, Serdar; Artar, MusaIn this study, the success of teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) and biogeography-based optimization (BBO) metaheuristic methods in optimum discrete sizing design of a steel planar truss comprising earthquake load impact has been investigated. To do this, a 46-element steel planar truss has been handled as a design example. Like many other stochastic optimization methods, the TLBO and BBO techniques imitate specific natural events. In TLBO, the processes are carried out by mimicking a class consisting of teachers and students; on the other hand, the BBO simulates the distribution of species in nature based on biodiversity. The stress and displacement constraints in American Institute of Steel Construction-Allowable Stress Design (AISC-ASD) provisions are considered as structural behavior constraints. Both algorithms select design profiles from a discrete list containing steel W-shaped sections. For obtaining the minimum weighted optimum structural design, the algorithms encoded in MATLAB are supplied with open application programming interface (OAPI) functions that enable mutual data transfer with a structural analysis software (SAP2000) to practically get the structural responses under the effect of load combinations containing earthquake load. The optimal truss designs yielded with TLBO and BBO algorithms are compared with those already existed in the literature. Accordingly, it has been concluded that the TLBO and BBO algorithms give successful solutions.
