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    Investigation of antibacterial activities of copper based multinary sulfide alloys
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Kurt, Hacer; Cekceoglu, lknur Aksoy; Acar, Eminegul Genc; Aslan, Emre; Ozel, Sultan Suleyman; Sarilmaz, Adem; Patir, Imren Hatay
    One of the nanomaterial-based antimicrobials, CuS, has emerged as a potential active therapeutic agent to combat biofilm infections, showing superior antibacterial activity with both photothermal and photodynamic effects under NIR illumination. To investigate the influence of transition metals on the antibacterial activity of CuxS, the antibacterial properties of shape- and phase- controlled copper-based multinary sulfide (M: CuxS (M: Mn, Zn and Ni)) nanostructures prepared by hot injection method were investigated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli under NIR light irradiation. It has been shown that CuxS-based nanomaterials suppress bacterial growth under NIR light irradiation and that, in addition to their antibacterial activity, they also exhibit a remarkable ability to form biofilms. The antibiofilm efficacy of the M: CuxS (M: Mn, Zn and Ni) nanocomposites was significantly higher than that of bare CuS, resulting in biofilm inhibition with rates of 52.53 %, 62.24 % and 74.48 % on E. coli for Mn:CuxS, Zn:CuxS and Ni:CuxS, respectively. In addition, the biofilm of S. aureus was more affected by treatment with M:CuxS (M: Mn, Zn and Ni) nano- composites, with biofilm activity of 64.15 %, 68.42 % and 87.35 % for Mn:CuxS, Zn:CuxS and Ni:CuxS, respectively. Ni:CuxS showed the highest antibacterial activity, which is attributed to smaller crystal and particle size and energy band gap, resulting in a larger number of nanoparticles per unit volume, a larger surface area and a stronger tendency to electrostatically bind to bacterial cell membranes, a faster ability to penetrate channels and stronger absorption in the NIR range. This work points the way for a broad application of CuS-based biocompatible synergistic antibacterial nanocomposites and can also serve as a guide for antibacterial/antibiofilm approaches as an alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments.
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    Ni- and Co-doped TiO2 nanofibers for enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, and mechanistic insights
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2026) Ozcan, Tugce; Cekceoglu, Ilknur Aksoy; Oner, Erkan; Ozel, Sultan Suleyman; Sarilmaz, Adem; Aslan, Emre; Patir, Imren Hatay
    Nowadays, with the growing need for alternative antibacterial materials for the treatment of bacterial infections, TiO2 with antibacterial properties has attracted attention as a potential antibacterial agent. Ni-TiO2 and Co-TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) were synthesized via an electrospinning process. The antibacterial activities of these NFs against S. aureus and E. coli were evaluated under UV-light illumination using optical density measurements. Co-TiO2 exhibited superior antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli under UV-light irradiation. The antibacterial mechanism was further investigated through a glutathione (GSH) oxidation assay and morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hydrophilicity was evaluated by contact angle measurement. The antibiofilm activities of TiO2, Ni-TiO2, and Co-TiO2 NFs were investigated with respect to E. coli and S. aureus biofilms. Ni-TiO2 and Co-TiO2 demonstrated more effective antibiofilm activities than bare TiO2. Under UV-light irradiation, the biofilm inhibition efficacy was increased for both Ni-TiO2 and Co-TiO2 NFs while Co-TiO2 NFs were found to have the greater antibiofilm performance. Additionally, in silico analysis was conducted to explore the molecular interactions of the NFs with S. aureus Immunoglobulin-Binding B Domain (PDB ID: 1BDD) and FimH lectin protein of E. coli (PDB ID: 4XO8). Co-TiO2 exhibited stronger binding to S. aureus, while TiO2 showed stronger binding to E. coli.