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    Broadband Soil Permittivity Measurements Using a Novel De-Embedding Line-Line Method
    (IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2022) Hasar, Hafize; Hasar, Ugur C.; Kaya, Yunus; Oztas, Taskin; Canbolat, Mustafa Y.; Aslan, Nevzat; Ertugrul, Mehmet
    A new de-embedding line-line method has been proposed for accurate complex relative permittivity (epsilon(r)) determination of soil samples loaded into an EIA 1-5/8 '' coaxial transmission line measurement system. The method has three main features. First, it bypasses the requirement of calibration of this system by using only two identical coaxial lines with different lengths. Second, it does not need any numerical technique for epsilon(r) determination. Third, it does not require knowledge of electromagnetic properties and thickness information of the bead used for supporting soil samples. The method is next validated by simulations performed using a full 3-D electromagnetic simulation program (CST Microwave Studio) and by epsilon(r) measurement of a polyethylene (PE) material. Finally, epsilon(r) values of three air-dried and water-saturated soil samples having 90% or more sand content with different electrical conductivities (ECs) and gathered from different areas of the city Gaziantep in Turkey, were measured.
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    Honey-Water Content Analysis by Mixing Models Using a Self-Calibrating Microwave Method
    (IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2023) Hasar, Hafize; Hasar, Ugur C.; Kaya, Yunus; Ozturk, Hamdullah; Izginli, Mucahit; Oztas, Taskin; Aslan, Nevzat
    Microwave techniques, as an indirect approach, can be applied for analyzing water content in honey by way of permittivity measurements. However, these techniques require proper calibration to accurately perform such indirect evaluation. Improper calibration standards used in this calibration process could naturally result in a reduction in the accuracy and thus the performance of dielectric characterization using microwaves. Self-calibrating microwave techniques can reduce the effects of imprecise standards and thus improve the performance of microwave measurements by bypassing the requirement of calibration standards. In this study, we develop a self-calibrating microwave measurement technique to determine the relative permittivity of honey samples and implement binary mixing models to predict adulteration levels of water-adulterated honey. From this implementation, it is observed that the parallel-capacitance mixing model could efficiently be applied to determine the concentration of water adulteration by examining the differences between absolute values of the real parts of the measured and predicted complex permittivities of adulterated honey.