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    The Zincirli Tumulus [Sam’al] Excavations Conducted by the Germans and the Practices of the Ottoman Empire in This Period
    (Selim Hilmi Ozkan, 2024) Bilgisi, Makale
    The Ottoman Empire was subjected to an influx of foreign researchers due to the developments in historical artifact research that took place in Europe in the 19th century. One of the countries to which these researchers belonged was Germany. After the activities they first carried out in the west of Anatolia, the Germans began to work in other parts of the country. One of these places was Zincirli Tumulus, discovered by Osman Hamdi Bey in 1884. The first license for excavation was obtained in 1888, under the direction of Berlin Museum Director Carl Humann. This was followed by excavations in 1890 and 1894. Then, with the excavation that started in 1902 as a continuation of the third excavation, the work carried out by the Germans ended. Some of the artifacts found during the excavations were given to Germany with the current regulations and the sultan's approval. Research on Zincirli generally focuses on the discipline of archaeology or ancient history and contains and very brief information is given about the excavations carried out by the Germans. In research directly involving studies carried out by the Germans in Anatolia, the Zincirli excavations were almost never mentioned. In this study, Zincirli Tumulus excavations carried out by the Germans were examined using the qualitative research method and document analysis technique, based on the Ottoman Period documents in the State Archives Directorate. In this context, the approach of the Ottoman Empire during the excavation process and the attitudes of the German excavation team and the Ottoman State regarding the finds were discussed. It was discussed that the excavations were carried out within the scope of the Regulation of Asar-i Atika (Historical Artifacts) and the finds were evaluated accordingly. © 2024, Selim Hilmi Ozkan. All rights reserved.