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Öğe Ahşap Esaslı Kompozit Levha Malzemeleri Yüzey Renk Özellikleri Üzerine Sıcak Su Buharının Etkileri(2025) Camlibel, Osman; Peker, Hüseyin; Ulay, Göksel; Ayata, Ümit; Zor, MustafaBu çalışmada, HDF, MDF ve yonga levhalarına ait renk parametrelerinin sıcak su buharı uygulaması karşısında meydana gelen değişleri incelenmiştir. Sıcak su buharı, çalışmada seçilen levha türlerinin yüzeyine homojen şekilde olacak uygulanmış ve yapılan işlem sonrasında renk değişimleri bir renk cihazı ile ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar, sıcak su buharının özellikle MDF ve HDF üzerinde daha belirgin renk değişimlerine yol açtığını göstermektedir. Kırmızılık (a*), ışıklılık (L*), ve sarılık (b*) değerlerinde önemli artışlar gözlenmiş, özellikle MDF’de sarılık ve kırmızılık değerlerinde büyük değişimler elde edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, renk tonu açısında ise (ho) belirgin bir azalma ve renk doygunluğu (C*) değerlerinde artış tespit edilmiştir. Sıcak su buharı uygulaması sonrasında, Yonga levha, MDF ve HDF levhalarında sırasıyla 1.42, 8.01 ve 9.25’lik ?E* değerlerine ulaşılmış, MDF orta düzeyde bir değişim göstermiş, HDF levha en yüksek renk değişimini sunarken ve Yonga levha ise en düşük renk değişimini vermiştir. Bu bulgular, sıcak su buharı uygulamasının, MDF ve HDF gibi malzemelerin estetik özelliklerini değiştirdiğini ve bu değişimin kontrollü bir şekilde yönetilebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan sıcak su buharı uygulamasının herhangi bir kimyasal madde kullanımına gerek kalmadan yüzey özelliklerini değiştirebilmesi için kullanılabileceği ve aynı zamanda çevre dostu bir yöntem sergilediği belirlenmiştir.Öğe Analysis of the Impact of Blue Stain on the Color, Glossiness, and Whiteness Properties of Scots Pine Lumber(Lukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Inst Technology, 2026) Ayata, Umit; Peker, Huseyin; Ulay, Goksel; Camlibel, Osman; Atilgan, AbdiIt is known that blue stain causes a loss of price value for Scots pine wood in the wood trade due to the visual defects it creates. In this study, color parameters [red color tone (a*), lightness (L*) value, yellow (b*) color tone, tone angle (h degrees) value, and chroma (C*) value], whiteness index (WI*) values, and glossiness measurements [at angles of 20 degrees, 60 degrees, and 85 degrees] were compared in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood with normal and blue rot conditions. According to the color parameters obtained, it was determined that the L* value decreased by 11.43%, a* by 79.95%, b* by 28.86%, and C* by 32.75%, while the h degrees value increased by 17.74%. With the blue coloration, decreases were observed in the 20 degrees glossiness values measured in the & boxV; and 1 directions, while increases were observed in the 60 degrees and 85 degrees glossiness values measured in the & boxV; and 1 directions. With the blue coloration, decreases of 12.86% in the 1 direction and 29.87% in the & boxV; direction in the WI* values were observed. According to these results, it was determined that the wood material with the blue coloration disease had a darker color.Öğe Determination of optical properties of ovangkol (Guibourtia ehie (a.chev.) j.léonard) wood treated with oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide(2024) Ayata, Ümit; Camlibel, OsmanOvangkol wood, an exotic wood species, is becoming valuable in the woodworking industries, particularly in the furniture sector. Bleaching treatments alter the color of the wood. In this study, changes in certain surface properties [whiteness index (WI*), glossiness, and color parameters (lightness (L*), red color (a*) tone, yellow color (b*) tone, chroma (C*), and hue angle (ho))] were investigated by applying two different bleaching chemicals [oxalic acid (C2H2O4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) + sodium hydroxide (NaOH)] on ovangkol (Guibourtia ehie (A.Chev.) J.Léonard) wood surfaces. According to the results, increases in WI* in the parallel direction and all color parameters were observed with the C2H2O4 chemical. Additionally, with the NaOH + H2O2 solution, increases in L* and ho values were achieved, while decreases in a*, C*, and b* parameters were observed. When using the C2H2O4 chemical, the ?E* value was recorded as 4.25, whereas it was determined as 13.14 for treatments with solutions containing H2O2 + NaOH. Positive changes in ?L* values were observed with both chemicals. However, positive ?a*, ?b*, and ?C* values were observed with the C2H2O4 chemical, while these values were negative with the NaOH + H2O2 solution. The glossiness values decreased at both 60° and 85° angles regardless of whether the bleaching agents were applied parallel or perpendicular to the wood fibers.Öğe Effect of Calcium Lignosulfonate Additive on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of High-Density Fiberboard(Inst Technol Drewna, 2024) Camlibel, Osman; Ayata, Umit; Peker, HuseyinCalcium lignosulfonate (CLS) (C20H24CaO10S2) is widely used in various industries today, including wood, construction, food, agriculture, and textiles. There are currently few studies on the addition of CLS chemicals to various fiberboards. This study was designed to explore the outcomes of the interaction between CLS and the boards, with the aim of expanding the potential applications of this chemical. We incorporated CLS at varying percentages (6%, 8%, and 10%) as an adhesive additive in high-density fiberboard (HDF) produced using urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin in a laboratory setting. We assessed its impact on several physical properties - thickness swelling (TS), density, and water absorption (WA) - and mechanical properties: modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and surface soundness (SS). A control group was created using prepared boards, enabling the comparison of results between boards made with and without CLS additives. According to the results of a multivariate analysis of variance, the CLS percentage showed no significant effect on density, MOE, and SS. However, it significantly influenced TS, WA, IB, and MOR, resulting in reductions of 4-12% for SS, 6-12% for MOR, and 2-22% for IB, while increasing TS by 20-130%, WA by 25-84%, and MOE by 1-3%. It was observed that the use of CLS led to differing results in the tests conducted on the produced HDF materials.Öğe Effects of Different Adhesive Ratios on Selected Panel Properties of High-Density Fiberboard (HDF) Produced from Fir and Beech Chips(Lukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Inst Technology, 2026) Camlibel, Osman; Ayata, UmitHigh-density fiberboard (HDF) has been utilized in various forest-based industries for centuries. This study investigated the effects of different adhesive ratios on the properties of HDF through a series of tests. The panels, designed in particular for this study, had been produced in a laboratory putting the usage of a combination of 70% fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana) and 30% beech (Fagus orientalis L.) fibers sourced from the western Black Sea area of Turkey. Two adhesive levels were tested: 10.73% for panel I and 11.30% for panel II, both calculated based on dry fiber weight. We assessed several physical and mechanical properties, including density, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB), hardness, water absorption, and through-thickness swell, in accordance with standard testing methods. The results indicated that both adhesive levels produced panels meeting the general performance requirements for HDF. Panel II, which contained slightly more adhesive, demonstrated marginally better performance in specific strength and dimensional stability tests. Overall, the findings suggest that optimizing adhesive usage in industrial HDF production can help establish a balance between the performance requirements of the boards and cost-effectiveness in production.Öğe Effects of Formaldehyde Scavenger on Mechanical, Physical, and Emission Test Results in Multi-Layer Pressed Chipboard Production(Inst Technol Drewna, 2025) Camlibel, Osman; Peker, Huseyin; Ayata, Umit; Ulay, GokselThis study investigates the effects of different formaldehyde scavenger (FS) ratios on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of fiberboard composites. Experimental analyses included measurements of thickness, density, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal (WA), and formaldehyde emission (FE) levels. The results indicate that an increase in the FS ratio leads to a significant decline in mechanical properties. Specifically, MOR, MOE, and IB values decreased by 17.97%, 15.65%, and 16.33%, respectively. Changes in TS and WA were also observed, with TS increasing by up to 22.68% and WA decreasing by as much as 16.90%. In terms of formaldehyde emissions, a significant reduction was observed as the FS ratio increased. At a 15% FS ratio, formaldehyde emissions decreased by 43.24%, which is considered a positive outcome in terms of environmental and health impacts. Overall, the use of FS in specific ratios reduces FE while causing certain reductions in mechanical properties. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing FS usage for the production of low-FE fiberboards.
