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Öğe Bee bread and bee pollen of different plant sources: determination of phenolic content, antioxidant activity, fatty acid and element profiles(Springer, 2020) Mayda, Nazli; Ozkok, Asli; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Gercek, Yusuf Can; Sorkun, KadriyeThis study aims to determine the plant sources, fatty acid composition, total phenolic-flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and elemental profile of bee pollen (BP) and bee bread (BB) samples from the same bee hive in different locations. 31 families and 71 species were determined by pollen analysis of BP and BB samples. Pollen frequencies in BB samples were generally similar or less than in BP. Total phenolic varied from 8.26 +/- 0.299 to 43.42 +/- 0.779 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoid ranged from 1.81 +/- 0.040 to 4.44 +/- 0.125 mg QE/g. ABTS and DDPH assays indicated that the samples have good antioxidant activity. Samples showed a protein content ranging from 17.6 to 22.2% while the total fatty acid was between 60.27 and 86.49%. The elemental analysis showed that all samples were rich in essential minerals. As a result, total protein, total fatty acids, moisture content and antioxidant capacity of BB samples were found to be lower than those of BP samples from the same hive. In spite of these data, it is necessary to work with more detailed and more samples to be able to say which bee product (bee pollen or bee bread) has superior properties as functional food.Öğe Confirmation of botanical origin and total pollen numbers of chestnut (Castanea sativa) honey samples(Bursa Uludag University, 2021) Özkök, Asli; Ecem Bayram, NesrinIn this study, it was aimed to detect the botanical origins by palynological analysis and to determine the total pollen numbers of honey samples collected from different locations of Zonguldak, Turkey. In addition, the compatibility of the collected honey samples with the pollen content criterion given for the chestnut honey samples by the Turkish Food Codex Communiqué on Honey (No: 2020/7) has been discussed. As a result of melissopalynological analyzes, honey samples were labeled as chestnut honey (n = 7), mixed flower honey (n = 2) and astragalus honey (n = 1). Total pollen number in 10 g of honey the samples (TPS-10) identified as chestnut honey was detected to be between 41722 - 647312, and it was determined that these honey samples were very good, good, and normal quality honey samples. In addition, the results obtained showed that 33% of honey samples collected as chestnut honey did not provide the minimum pollen content reported for unifloral honey types with chestnut floral origin in the national food codex. These results showed how important it is to make floral origin determination mandatory for unifloral honey types such as chestnut, which is sold at a higher price compared to other polyfloral flower honeys in our country, in terms of preventing unfair competition. For this reason, it is important to determine the pollen content values by conducting melissopalynological studies for different types of unifloral flower honey such as lavender and black seed, which are produced in our country but whose minimum pollen content is not specified in the Turkish Food Codex Communiqué on Honey (No: 2020/7). © 2021 Bursa Uludag University. All right reserved.Öğe Melissopalynological Analysis for Geographical Marking of Kars Honey(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2018) Gencay Celemli, Omur; Ozenirler, Cigdem; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Zare, Golshan; Sorkun, KadriyeIn this research, the melissopalynological analysis of honey samples collected from Kars city located in the East Anatolian Region of Turkey was conducted for geographical marking. Within this context, melissopalynological analyses of 100 honey samples determined by sampling method were collected from eight districts of Kars in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey were done, to determine the nectarous source plants of Kars honey. As a result of melisopalynological analyses carried out in 100 honey samples; pollens of the taxa belonging to Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Berberidaceae, Betulaceae, Brassicaceae, Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cistaceae, Cyperaceae, Dipsacaceae, Ericaceae, Fabaceae, Iridaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae, Onagraceae, Papaveraceae, Plantaginaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Salicaceae and Scrophulariaceae families were detected at different rates. Almost in all of the honey samples, Lotus corniculatus (in 99 samples), Onobrychis radiata (in 99 samples), Trifolium nigrescens (in 88 samples) from Fabaceae family and pollens of Echium vulgaris (81 samples) and Myosotis lithoospermifolia (15 samples) taxa from the Boraginaceae family, were found in honey samples. Onobrychis radiata pollen was the most intensely observed one among these samples (in dominant, secondary, minor, trace amounts). The total number of pollens (TPN-10) in 10 grams of honey were also detected during the melissopalynological analyses. TPN-10 values minimum: 226, maximum: 481157 and mean: 31678 were detected and the pollen abundance of the honeys are classified as good category. Kars is an important province for beekeeping with floral variety. As a result of this study, the first step of the geographical marking studies of Kars' honey was completed.Öğe Melissopalynology analysis, physicochemical properties, multi-element content and antimicrobial activity of honey samples collected from Bayburt, Turkey(Bursa Uludag University, 2019) Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Yüzer, Mustafa Onur; Bayram, SinanThe aim of this study was to determine the plant sources, physicochemical properties, element content and antimicrobial effects of honey samples collected from 10 different regions of the province of Bayburt, Turkey. The melissopalynological analysis showed that the pollen samples of 67 plant taxa belonged to 34 plant families in honey samples and were found with different rates and TPN-10 values was found between 16024 and 90126. In addition to these, the amount of ash was between 0.13% and 0.32%, the electrical conductivity value was between 0.36 and 0.69 mS/cm, the moisture content was between 16.1% and 18.9% and the fructose/glucose ratio was between 0.92 and 1.18. As a result of physicochemical analysis, it was determined that the data obtained were in compliance with the standard values defined in by the Turkish Food Codex Communiqué on Honey (No: 2012/58). Elemental analysis performed with ICP-MS showed that the K element was the highest (261.34-1863.05 mg/kg) in all honey samples in total among the 42 elements. In addition to these, the antimicrobial effects of honey samples and minimum inhibition concentration values (MIC) were determined by the agar well diffusion (AWD) method and and microbroth dilution method respectively. Copyright © 2019 Business Lawyer. All rights reserved.Öğe An optimization study for amino acid extraction from bee bread using choline chloride-acetic acid deep eutectic solvent and determination of individual phenolic profile(Springer, 2024) Kutlu, Naciye; Gercek, Yusuf Can; Celik, Saffet; Bayram, Sinan; Ecem Bayram, NesrinIn this study, the aim was to optimize the extraction conditions (molar ratio, time, temperature) in order to maximize the total individual amino acid (TAA) yield from bee bread, which is a fermented bee product, using choline chloride-acetic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES). In addition to the phenolic profile and amino acid profile investigated by LC-MS/MS, some spectrophotometric (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total proanthocyanidin content) and bioactivity (antioxidant/antimicrobial activity) tests were carried out on the extracts. Optimum conditions were determined as 1:2 for molar ratio, 15 min for time and 10 degrees C for temperature with optimization based on the TAA values of the different extracts (d: 0.99). Molar ratio and temperature were found to have statistically significant effects on TAA values. At optimum conditions, the amount of TAA obtained with DES (29.678 g/kg) was found to be approximately 35.2% and 54.4% higher than that obtained with ethanol and methanol extracts, respectively. All these results indicate that choline chloride-acetic acid DES can be chosen when preparing bee bread extracts, which are evaluated for different areas of use such as food and health due to active ingredient content. Higher active ingredients can be extracted by trying different DES combinations.Öğe Physicochemical and Palynological Characterization of the Onobrychis Miller (Fabaceae) Honey(Gazi Univ, 2019) Ozenirler, Cigdem; Gencay Celemli, Omur; Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Dikmen, Fatih; Zare, Golshan; Celikbicak, Omur; Sorkun, KadriyeThe purpose of this study was to contribute toward characterizing the general properties of the Onobrychis Miller (sainfoin) honey. We analyzed 21 samples of Onobrychis honeys, which were collected in 2013, from Northeast Anatolia according to their microscopic and physicochemical features (fructose/glucose (F/G) ratio, 5-(hydroxymethyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde (HMF) value, and volatile compounds). The relationships were examined between these variables with statistical methods such as principal component, regression, and correlation analyses. Statistical analyses revealed certain correlation patterns between several parameters. Onobrychis radiata (Desf.) M. Bieb., O. tournefortii (Willd.) Desv., O. oxyodonta Boiss. and Onobrychis spp. pollens were identified. TPN-10 ranged from 6532 to 481157 while the HMF values were between 0.1-7.5 mg/kg and F/G ratios were between 0.8-1.3. Alcohols, aldehydes, aliphatic acids and their esters, carboxylic acids and their esters, hydrocarbons, flavonoids, ketones, sugars and vitamins were identified in the honey samples within ranges of 0-11.95%, 0-16.76%, 0-24.72%, 0-1.86%, 0-14.71%, 2.74-7.09%, 0-27.02%, 5.12-51.39%, and 0-21.36%, respectively. Although it was not significant, a positive correlation between flavonoids and Onobrychis pollen number was calculated via correlation analysis. There was no meaningful correlation between Onobrychis pollen number and other parameters. Although a negative trend between flavonoids and sugars was observed, it was not significant. F/G ratio was found to be positively correlated with sugars, HMF, and TPN-10 of which the latter two parameters had significant values. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between TPN-10 and HMF was also detected.Öğe Plant Origins of Propolis from Hakkari, Turkey(Gazi Univ, 2018) Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Sorkun, Kadriye; Cevahir Oz, GulIn this study, palynological analysis of 64 propolis samples from Hakkari province in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey was carried out. By microscopic analysis method, pollen diagnosis was made in propolis samples, and plants which may be propolis sources, were estimated. As a result, 71 plant taxa belonging to 34 families were identified at different rates in propolis samples. The pollens of the plants belonging to the family Apiaceae (2.7%-35%), Asteraceae (3.4%-35.4%) and, Fabaceae (12%-66%) were considerably found in the propolis of the Hakkari province. This study is the first report introducing the plant profile of Hakkari propolis in detail.Öğe A study on free-radical scavenging activity, individual phenolic compounds and element concentration of propolis(Bursa Uludag University, 2021) Ecem Bayram, NesrinThe aim of this study was to assess the quality of five propolis samples obtained from Turkey (TP), China (CP), Brazil (BP1, BP2), and Ethiopia (EP). The phenolic compounds of the propolis were identified and quantified using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique (LCMS/ MS). In addition, quality parameters such as total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, freeradical scavenging activity and element contents were investigated. As a result of LC-MS/MS analysis, the extracts were sorted as TP> BP1> BP2> CP> EP in terms of the total concentration of individual phenolic compounds. Chlorogenic acid was determined as the dominant compound in BP1 and EP, pcoumaric acid as the dominant compound in the BP2 and trans-ferulic acid as the dominant compound in the samples from CP and TP. The concentration of DPPH was higher in TP whereas the ABTS concentration was almost similar to other propolis extracts. The contents of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) in the propolis samples were in the range of 2416.75- 14416.02 mg/kg, 8.52-613.25 mg/kg, 102.66-1425.82 mg/kg, 523.84-7336.74 mg/kg and 57.65-191.15 mg/kg, respectively. Consequently, it is again supported that chemical characteristics and activity of propolis varies according to its geographical origin with this study. © 2021 Bursa Uludag University. All right reserved.Öğe Turkish royal jelly: amino acid, physicochemical, antioxidant, multi-elemental, antibacterial and fingerprint profiles by analytical techniques combined with chemometrics(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Ecem Bayram, Nesrin; Cebi, Nur; Celik, Saffet; Gercek, Yusuf Can; Bayram, Sinan; Tanugur Samanci, Asli Elif; Sagdic, OsmanRoyal jelly is one of the most remarkable commercial bee products used in cosmetics, medicine, and as a dietary supplement. This study aimed to determine some quality parameters (amino acid, multi-elemental, total phenolic-flavonoid, 10-HDA, sugar, and moisture content) as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different royal jelly samples (domestic and non-domestic samples). In this study, royal jelly samples exhibited high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 10-HDA values were found to be higher in domestic royal jelly samples (2.17-2.71%) compared to non-domestic samples (0.31-1.71%). Also, it was found that the acidity value varied between 2.57-3.37 mL 0.1 N NaOH/g and 3.87-4.97 mL 0.1 N NaOH/g in non-domestic and domestic royal jelly samples, respectively. L-Proline was the amino acid with the highest rate of occurrence in both domestic (21972.39-35053.00 nmol/g) and non-domestic (19688.31-21711.50 nmol/g) samples. It was determined that the new method developed for amino acid analysis has many advantages over other methods. Chemometrics of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that amino acid profile, elemental profile, and chemical parameters were capable of presenting characteristic and descriptive properties of royal jelly samples. In addition to these findings, Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was successfully used to distinguish domestic and non-domestic royal jelly samples. The obtained results will provide an important basis for subsequent research on the evaluation of the amino acid content, physicochemical properties, phenolic content, and the antioxidant and elemental profile of royal jelly.
