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Öğe An Assessment of The Water Quality of Erdemli? (Mersi? n) Coastal Aquifer(TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers, 2023) Karakuş, Fatma Ece; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Yıldırım, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Güven, OnurThe water quality and quantity of coastal aquifers are increasingly adversly affected due to changing climate conditions and increasing anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted to determine the water quality and pollutants of the Erdemli Coastal Aquifer (ECA). In this study, groundwater sampling was carried out in August 2020 to determine the physical and chemical properties of the water. The obtained results were evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards. It was found that the electrical conductivity values were quite high in samples taken from certain points near the Mediterranean coast of ECA. These samples also exhibited high sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl?) concentrations, exceeding the recommended WHO limits. Another significant problem in the ECA is nitrate (NO3?) pollution. The nitrate concentrations in the August 2020 samples ranged from 2.17 to 131.51 mg/L, with 15 samples exceeding the limit value (50 mg/L). Some samples also exceeded the WHO-established limit values for trace element concentrations (Al, Fe and Ni). When assessing the groundwater in the study area for agricultural irrigation water quality, it was determined that waters in areas with active seawater intrusion were not suitable for irrigation purposes. The study area and its vicinity have been witnessing the opening of new agricultural areas on a daily basis. This situation further exacerbates the pressure on the declining water resources in the ECA. As a result, the implementation of sustainable integrated water management in ECA is urgently needed. © 2023, TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers. All rights reserved.Öğe Arsenic pollution caused by Eocene volcanism in the Sivas Basin: The old drinking water source of the Yalıncak village (Hafik, Sivas)(Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 2021) Biçgel, Birsen Feray; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Yıldırım, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Güven, OnurThe aim of this study is to investigate the origin of the high concentration (1512 µg/L) of arsenic (As) in the old drinking water source of Yalıncak village (Hafik, Sivas). For this purpose, 48 samples were collected from the rocks outcropping in the recharge area of the drinking water source. The major oxide contents of the rock samples were determined by XRF method, mineralogical compositions by polarizing microscope and XRD methods and As concentrations of minerals were determined by using SEM-EDS method. As revealed by these analyses, the source of arsenic in the waters of the region was found out to be tuffite unit, containing pyroxene and plagioclase minerals, as well as volcanic glass fragments of different origins and sizes. It has been detected that arsenic oxide (As2O3) concentrations in rock samples vary between 0.01% and 0.14% and some minerals contain As up to 14%. It was determined that arsenic pollution in surface and groundwater in the region was caused by the dissolution (by water-rock interaction) of FeAsS (arsenopyrite) and BAsO4 (boron arsenate) minerals found in the tuffites of the Eocene age Bozbel formation in the Sivas Basin.Öğe Assessment of Discharge and Water Quality of Deliçay (Mersin) from Its Source to Mediterranean Sea(Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, 2020) Yıldırım, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Güven, OnurIn this study, at 11 different points along the Deliçay, which originates near Güzelyayla (Mersin) settlement in the Central Taurus Mountains and discharging into the Mediterranean Sea, streamflow was determined and water samples were collected after in-situ physical parameter measurements to reveal the changes in water chemistry. Major anion/cation and trace element contents of the water samples taken were analyzed in the laboratory using spectrophotometer, ion chromatography, titration, and ICP-MS methods. The results obtained were evaluated using various graphical methods and their suitability for agricultural irrigation purposes were evaluated. As a result, it has been determined that all water samples taken from Deliçay are suitable for agricultural irrigation. It was concluded that the parameters that may indicate pollution in the samples increase towards the basin outlet and the reason for this increase was interpreted as the uncontrolled discharge of various chemicals (fertilizers and agrochemicals) and domestic/industrial wastes into the river.Öğe An Assessment of The Water Quality of Erdemli? (Mersi? n) Coastal Aquifer(TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers, 2023) Karakuş, Fatma Ece; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Yildirim, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Güven, OnurThe water quality and quantity of coastal aquifers are increasingly adversly affected due to changing climate conditions and increasing anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted to determine the water quality and pollutants of the Erdemli Coastal Aquifer (ECA). In this study, groundwater sampling was carried out in August 2020 to determine the physical and chemical properties of the water. The obtained results were evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards. It was found that the electrical conductivity values were quite high in samples taken from certain points near the Mediterranean coast of ECA. These samples also exhibited high sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl?) concentrations, exceeding the recommended WHO limits. Another significant problem in the ECA is nitrate (NO3?) pollution. The nitrate concentrations in the August 2020 samples ranged from 2.17 to 131.51 mg/L, with 15 samples exceeding the limit value (50 mg/L). Some samples also exceeded the WHO-established limit values for trace element concentrations (Al, Fe and Ni). When assessing the groundwater in the study area for agricultural irrigation water quality, it was determined that waters in areas with active seawater intrusion were not suitable for irrigation purposes. The study area and its vicinity have been witnessing the opening of new agricultural areas on a daily basis. This situation further exacerbates the pressure on the declining water resources in the ECA. As a result, the implementation of sustainable integrated water management in ECA is urgently needed. © 2023, TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers. All rights reserved.Öğe An Investigation into the Causes of Salinization in the Tarsus Coastal Aquifer (Mersin)(TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers, 2022) Güven, Onur; Güler, Cüneyt; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Yildirim, ÜmitThis study investigated the causes of the salinization occurring in the Tarsus Coastal Aquifer (Mersin) located in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Groundwater salinization, which is a critical problem, especially in the Mediterranean basin, occurs as a result of processes and mechanisms such as seawater intrusion, climate change, geogenic effects and anthropogenic activities (pollution and hydrological interventions). In this context, samples were collected from 87 groundwater wells and seawater (Mediterranean) during a field study conducted in September 2020. The temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, salinity, reduction-oxidation (redox) potential, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solid values of collected water samples were measured in the field. The major ion and trace element contents (Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+, HCO-3, CO-23, Cl-, SO-24, NO-3, NO-2, B, Br, Sr ve Li) of the water samples were analyzed in a laboratory by spectrometric (ICP-MS), spectrophotometric, and volumetric (titration) methods. Thematic distribution maps of the analyzed parameters were created using a Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The hydrochemical facies of the water samples were determined using Piper and HFE diagrams. In order to explain the salinization mechanisms occurring in the region, binary (x-y) graphs were created using the ratios of various major ions and/or trace elements. According to the results obtained, it was revealed that the salinization phenomenon affecting the Tarsus Coastal Aquifer occurred as a result of seawater intrusion, the dissolution of Messinian evaporites (anhydrite, gypsum and halite) and anthropogenic (agricultural and industrial) activities. © 2022, TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers. All rights reserved.Öğe Modelling of the discharge response to climate change under RCP8.5 scenario in the Alata river basin (Mersin, SE Turkey)(MDPI AG, 2021) Yıldırım, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Önol, Barış; Rode, Michael; Jomaa, SeifeddineThis study investigates the impacts of climate change on the hydrological response of a Mediterranean mesoscale catchment using a hydrological model. The effect of climate change on the discharge of the Alata River Basin in Mersin province (Turkey) was assessed under the worstcase climate change scenario (i.e., RCP8.5), using the semi-distributed, process-based hydrological model Hydrological Predictions for the Environment (HYPE). First, the model was evaluated temporally and spatially and has been shown to reproduce the measured discharge consistently. Second, the discharge was predicted under climate projections in three distinct future periods (i.e., 2021–2040, 2046–2065 and 2081–2100, reflecting the beginning, middle and end of the century, respectively). Climate change projections showed that the annual mean temperature in the Alata River Basin rises for the beginning, middle and end of the century, with about 1.35, 2.13 and 4.11 °C, respectively. Besides, the highest discharge timing seems to occur one month earlier (February instead of March) compared to the baseline period (2000–2011) in the beginning and middle of the century. The results show a decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperature in all future projections, resulting in more snowmelt and higher discharge generation in the beginning and middle of the century scenarios. However, at the end of the century, the discharge significantly decreased due to increased evapotranspiration and reduced snow depth in the upstream area. The findings of this study can help develop efficient climate change adaptation options in the Levant’s coastal areas. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Öğe Morphometric Characteristics of River Basins Between Göksu River and Tarsus Stream (Mersin)(TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers, 2025) Yıldırım, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Güven, OnurThis study contributes to developing basin-based management strategies in the study area by conducting morphometric analyses of 17 river basins in Mersin province, located in the Eastern Mediterranean region, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). For this purpose, morphometric parameters were divided into “basic parameters” and “characteristic parameters” derived from these parameters. Characteristic parameters used for the hydrological, geomorphological, and geological interpretation of the basins are: drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, bifurcation ratio, form factor, elongation ratio, overland flow length, relief ratio and hypsometric integral. According to the results, drainage density, stream frequency and flood risk are low in basins with carbonate rocks in the west of the study area, while flood risk is higher in basins to the east. There is a negative relationship between the area of the river basins and the relief. In some basins, tectonic and structural factors affect the bifurcation ratios. The basins have thin and elongated shapes in the north-south direction. The hypsometric integral values of the basins in the west of the study area are higher than those in the east, and these basins are more sensitive to erosion. In addition to the flood/overflow disaster risk assessments made with data obtained from the analyses in this study, a database was also created to evaluate hydrological modelling and disaster risk management processes to be carried out in the study area in the future. © 2025 TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers. All rights reserved.Öğe Sivas havzasındaki Eosen volkanizmasından kaynaklanan arsenik kirliliği:Yalıncak köyü (Hafik, Sivas) eski içme suyu kaynağı(2021) Biçgel, Birsen F.; Kurt, Mehmet A.; Yıldırm, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Güven, OnurBu çalışmanın amacı, Yalıncak köyü (Hafik, Sivas) eskiiçme suyu kaynağındaki yüksek arsenik (As) derişiminin(1512 ?g/L) kökeninin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaçla, içmesuyu kaynağının beslenim alanında yüzeyleyenkayaçlardan 48 adet örnek alınmıştır. Kayaç örneklerininana oksit içerikleri XRF yöntemiyle, mineralojikbileşimleri polarizan mikroskop ve XRD yöntemleriyle,minerallerin As derişimleri ise SEM-EDS yöntemikullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda,sulardaki arseniğin kaynağının, piroksen ve plajiyoklazmineralleri ile birlikte değişik köken ve boyuta sahipvolkanik cam parçaları içeren tüfit birimi olduğu tespitedilmiştir. Kayaç örneklerindeki arsenik oksit (As2O3)derişimleri %0.01 ve %0.14 arasında değişmekte olup bazıminerallerde %14’e varan As mevcuttur. Çalışmasonucunda, bölgedeki yüzey ve yeraltı sularındaki arsenikkirliliğinin Sivas Havzası’ndaki Eosen yaşlı Bozbelformasyonu içindeki tüfitlerde bulunan FeAsS (arsenopirit)ve BAsO4 (borarsenat) minerallerinin çözünmesinden (su- kaya reaksiyonu yoluyla) kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir.
