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    Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of Usnea filipendula and Viscum album
    (2019) Yıldız, Sibel; Gürgen, Ayşenur; Kılıç, Ceyhun; Tabbouche, Sana; Kılıç, Ali Osman; Can, Zehra
    Many plants contain a variety of bioactive components. Therefore, it is important to know the bioactive properties of plantmaterials in order to be a reference for later researchers. In this study, it was investigated the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensingactivities of Usnea filipendula and Viscum album’s methanol extracts. To determine the antioxidant properties of the extracts; total phenolic,flavonoid and condensed tannin contents and ferric reducing antioxidant power analyses were performed. The antibacterial potential of plantextracts was tested by agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida parapsilosis and Candidaalbicans microorganisms. Anti-quorum sensing activity was investigated on Chromobacterium violaceum bacteria. The highest total phenolicand ferric reducing antioxidant power was determined in U. filipendula extract. This extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus, K. pneumonia andL. monocytogenes microorganisms. The highest flavonoid and condensed tannin was observed in V. album extract. This extract was also able toprevent the growth of K. pneumonia and L. monocytogenes. None of the extracts showed anti-quorum sensing activity.
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    Ultrasonic extraction conditions using response surface methodology: total phenolic content of bee pollen
    (2023) Gürgen, Ayşenur; Can, Zehra; Kara, Yakup; Şahin, Hüseyin
    Bee pollen plays a significant role in bee nutrition, bee population sustainability, pollination processes, and its health and nutritional benefits for humans. It contains protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, offering valuable nutritional properties. The total phenolic content (TPC) is an important parameter in determining the nutritional and health value of pollen. The presence of high levels of phenolic compounds in pollen enhances their health benefits and can provide protective effects against diseases by combating oxidative stress. In the study, ultrasonic extraction conditions for pollen were optimized using the Response Surface Method to maximize TPC. The experimental study was designed according to Box-Behnken design: 30–70% ethanol ratio, 5–15 min of extraction time, and 10–20% ultrasonic amplitude modulation (AM). The TPC of the obtained extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. The optimal extraction conditions were predicted as 60.012% ethanol ratio, 11.054 min, and 19.160% AM for reaching 9.572 mg/GAE g extract.