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Öğe Effect of high pressure homogenization (HPH) on microstructure and rheological properties of hazelnut milk(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Gul O.; Saricaoglu F.T.; Mortas M.; Atalar I.; Yazici F.The effect of high pressure homogenization (HPH) on microstructure and rheological properties of hazelnut milks was investigated. Hazelnut milk samples were produced from cold pressed hazelnut cake and homogenized up to 150 MPa pressure. Microstructural and rheological properties of products, except temperature sweep, were greatly affected by HPH treatments. Homogenized samples showed significant reduction in particle size, which turned from bimodal and poly-disperse to monodisperse distributions. HPH decreased the consistency of products from 91.82 to 0.51 Pa.sn and increased flow behavior index from 0.15 to 0.36. All samples showed higher values G? than G?, which indicates that samples could be classified as soft-gel network, and hazelnut milk samples did not obey the Cox-Merz rule without multiplying angular frequency with shift factor. In conclusion, HPH can be used to reduce the consistency of samples and the friction loss, thus minimizing the amount of energy required to flow during processing and distribution. Industrial relevance. Vegetable based beverages are available at any supermarket as an alternative to dairy products with an increasing consumer acceptance. Between these beverages hazelnut milk samples are the most noteworthy products due to important role in human nutrition and health, and moreover due to well accepted and widely consumed product. Due to its composition, hazelnut milks have very high consistency, and therefore, the energy consumption for processing and handling is too high. In this research, the high pressure homogenization (HPH) technology was successfully proposed to be used for improving microstructural properties, and hence reducing its consistency. The energy consumption during processing and distribution can be minimized by reducing the consistency and friction losses of product. © 2017 Elsevier LtdÖğe Effect of ultrasound treatment on the properties of nano-emulsion films obtained from hazelnut meal protein and clove essential oil(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Gul O.; Saricaoglu F.T.; Besir A.; Atalar I.; Yazici F.Hazelnut meal protein (4% (w/v)) and clove essential oil (CEO) (3% (v/v)) were homogenized with ultrasound (US) at different times (2, 4 and 6 min) and amplitudes (50, 75 and 100%) to obtain nano-emulsion films. Film forming nano-emulsions (FFNs) were analyzed for average particle size (Dz) and zeta potential, and edible film characterization were evaluated depending on US treatment, as well as antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Dz values and zeta potential of FFNs decreased with increasing acoustic energy delivered to nano-emulsion system. Thickness and water solubility of films significantly decreased with increasing US treatment. Films became more transparent depending on US treatment probably due to particle size reduction. Tensile strength (TS) of films significantly increased with US treatment, while elongation at break (EAB) slightly increased. Microstructure of films became more homogeneous after US treatment and caused to lower water vapor permeability. Enrichment with CEO has given the films antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and antioxidant activity, and US application has improved these activities. US technology can be used to improve mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties of hazelnut meal protein based edible films enriched with CEO. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Circassian cheese by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection(Academic Press Inc., 2015) Gul O.; Dervisoglu M.; Mortas M.; Aydemir O.; Ilhan E.; Aksehir K.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in traditional/industrial smoked and unsmoked Circassian cheeses available in Turkish markets were analysed using solid-phase extraction, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Mean levels of a total of 9 PAHs in smoked traditional and industrial Circassian cheeses were 19.6 and 6.73?gkg -1 , while levels in unsmoked traditional and industrial cheeses were 0.77 and 0.49?gkg -1 , respectively. The dominant individual PAHs found were naphthalene and acenaphthene. Benzo[a]pyrene, a marker compound representing carcinogenic PAHs, was found in 90% and 30% of traditional smoked and unsmoked Circassian cheeses, 52% and 24% of industrial smoked and unsmoked cheeses, respectively. Correlation statistical analysis showed that benzo[a]pyrene was a good marker for total 9 PAHs in Circassian cheese samples (r B[a]P/sum of 9 PAHs =0.816, p<0.01) as well as the best marker for 5 carcinogenic PAHs (r B[a]P/carcinogenic PAHs =0.904, p<0.01). Risk assessment conducted using daily intakes of sum of 9 PAH levels found in both traditional and industrial smoked Circassian cheese samples showed high risk compared with unsmoked cheeses. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.Öğe Potential application of high pressure homogenization (HPH) for improving functional and rheological properties of mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) proteins(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Saricaoglu F.T.; Gul O.; Tural S.; Turhan S.The potential application of high pressure homogenization (HPH) for modifying the solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties, particle size distributions, zeta potential and rheological properties of mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) proteins was evaluated. HPH decreased particle size, produced higher zeta potential and stronger electrostatic repulsion, and hence, improved water solubility, as well as emulsifying, foaming properties, flow ability and dynamic shear properties of protein suspensions. Steady and dynamic shear results indicated that samples had shear-thinning and soft-gel network behavior due to higher G? than G?. Creep and recovery tests were explained with Burgers and exponential decay models, respectively, and led to a better understanding the internal structure, as well as elastic and viscous behavior. The final percentage recovery increased as homogenization pressure increased due to strengthened solid-like structure of protein suspensions. These results revealed that HPH can be a valuable process to improve functional and rheological properties of MDCM proteins. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
