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    Determination of toxicity and radioprotective properties of bacterial and fungal eumelanin pigments
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Bayram, Sinan; Aygun, Bunyamin; Karadayi, Mehmet; Alaylar, Burak; Gulluce, Medine; Karabulut, Abdulhalik
    PurposeDetermination of the protective property of melanin, an organic polymer class consisting of phenolic and/or indolic compounds isolated from bacteria and fungi, against fast neutron radiation. To show that these melanin samples, which also have antioxidant and metal chelating properties, can be used as an active ingredient for a drug to be developed against neutrons used in nuclear research and medicine.Materials and methodsBacterial and fungal media were prepared, and melanin pigments were produced and isolated. For molecular characterization of pigments, bacterial genomic DNA extraction, 16S rDNA gene amplification processes, and fungal genomic DNA extraction, ITS1, and ITS4 Gene Regions amplification were performed. The DEL assay was implemented to determine the genotoxicity properties of bacterial and fungal melanin pigments. Samples were prepared in a pad measuring 10 ml volume (60 x 15 mm) at a concentration of 0.2-1 microgram in 1% agarose gel for radiation-absorbed dose measurements. Absorption measurements were made using Am-241-Be fast neutron source and Canberra brand NP series BF3 gaseous detector to determine the neutron radiation absorption capacity of all samples. The results obtained to determine the absorption degrees of melanin samples were compared with paraffin and normal concrete, which are widely used in neutron radiation shielding studies.ResultsMelanin pigments were obtained using different bacteria and fungi strains. Afterwards, the fast neutron radiation absorption capacity of these purified pigments were determined. Compared to reference samples, these pigments were found to have slightly lower radiation absorbing ability. In addition to these experiments, cytotoxicity tests were carried out using the Yeast DEL assay technique to evaluate the potential for use of these organic pigments in fields such as medicine and pharmacology. According to the results obtained from the tests, it was determined that these melanin samples did not have any toxic effects.ConclusionIt was determined that these melanin samples have the potential to be used as a radioprotective drug active substance to protect the tissues and cells of people exposed to neutron radiation after a nuclear accident or nuclear war.Giving a drug that will be developed by using these active ingredients before or after people are exposed to a radiation environment can provide great benefits.
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    Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from sucuk, a traditional Turkish dry-fermented sausage
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Cinar, Kubra; Kaban, Guzin; Borekci, Bilge Sayin; Gulluce, Medine; Karadayi, Mehmet; Kaya, Mukerrem
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Production of pectin lyase from Geobacillus pallidus p26, purification, characterization and fruit juice application
    (De Gruyter Poland Sp Zoo, 2014) Celik, Safinur Yildirim; Demir, Nazan; Demir, Yasar; Adiguzel, Ahmet; Gulluce, Medine
    A bacterial strain was isolated from Pasinler hot spring, Erzurum, Turkey. The purified thermophilic isolate was identified as Geobacillus pallidus P26 and used to produce extracellular pectin lyase (EC 4.2.2.10). Pectin lyase enzyme was purified 34 fold by using DEAE-cellulose anion exchange column chromatography and characterized. Molecular weight of the enzyme was determined as 56 kDa by using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Purification of enzyme was verified by SDS-PAGE. The pH- and temperature optima of enzyme were determined (pH 9.0 and 60 degrees C, respectively). Pectin lyase was mostly stable at 50 degrees C: for 24 hours. Its' activity ducruitscd to 50 % for 24 h at 60 degrees C. K-M and V-max were calculated as 24.8 mg/mL and 2.28 mu mol/L min, respectively. Purified pectin lyase was inhibited by Fe3+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Co2+ and Hg2+ but not by Mg2+. The purified pectin lyase enzyme was used for getting fruits juices. It was found that yields of fruits juices increased when they were compared with control.