Yazar "Isik, Cem" seçeneğine göre listele

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    A Social Approach to Environmental Sustainability: The Nexus Well-Being, Tourism, Digitalization and Renewable Energy in Scandinavian Countries
    (Wiley, 2025) Isik, Cem; Ongan, Serdar; Aydin, Buket; Aydin, Rahman; Imamoglu, Ilyas Kays
    This research explores the impact of subjective well-being (SWB) on CO2 emissions in Scandinavian countries based on the need to analyze the effects of social indicators shaping environmental sustainability. The study aims to introduce the Welfare-Based SWB approach to the literature by expanding the classical Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis with the social welfare dimension. SWB is considered in this study to be a social reflection and indirect measure of economic growth, which is the core determinant in the classical EKC hypothesis. The second-generation cointegration test, the Durbin-Hausman, and AMG long-term forecasting methods were used in this context. According to the empirical findings, SWB and digitalization increase carbon emissions, while tourism revenues and renewable energy consumption reduce emissions. The findings indicate that the classical EKC hypothesis is not confirmed and, similarly, an increase in social welfare (SWB) does not automatically lead to environmental improvement. Therefore, policymakers should develop social policies that will increase environmental sensitivity along with an increase in welfare.
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    Does Climate Change Vulnerability Cause Energy Vulnerability in Sustainable Development?
    (Wiley, 2025) Isik, Cem; Ongan, Serdar; Kuziboev, Bekhzod; Imamoglu, Ilyas Kays
    Climate change and energy security are two fundamental vulnerability areas that interact with each other and hold critical importance for sustainable development goals. This research aims to fill the research gap by investigating the effects of climate change vulnerability (CCV) on the energy vulnerability (EV) relationship, which has not been adequately addressed in the literature, using a large panel dataset covering 74 countries and employing various methodological approaches (MMQR, PLFC, DID). The results of the MMQR model indicate that CCV increases EV across all quantiles. According to the results of the PLFC model, it is revealed that CCV on EV varies depending on the economic development level of countries. This effect is higher in low-income countries. The study also employs the DID model to examine the impact of China's foreign energy investments on countries' EV. According to this model, China's fossil-based energy investments, particularly those in the energy sector, increase the EV of countries. While economic development reduces EV across all quantiles, financial development reduces it in the lower and medium quantiles (25% and 50%); urbanization reduces it in the medium and higher quantiles (50% and 75%). All results show that the interaction between EV and CCV is a multidimensional and dynamic process. Accordingly, policymakers should develop integrated strategies that consider environment and energy policies, economic development, investment type, and environmental risks. Lastly, policymakers should consider energy investments from China not only as a tool for their country's economic growth, but also in terms of energy security and sustainability.
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    Economic, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ECON - ESG) Strategies For Sustainable Development: Theory and a Holistic Evidence From Germany
    (Wiley, 2025) Isik, Cem; Ongan, Serdar; Aydin, Rahman; Imamoglu, Ilyas kays
    To achieve the SDGs, in addition to environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) indicators, economic components should also be evaluated holistically. In this context, this research aims to test the time series characteristics of the indicators in the ECON-ESG structure, which is created by integrating the economic dimension into the ESG framework for Germany. For this purpose, linear and nonlinear structures, Fourier-based stationarity tests, and Bai-Perron multiple structural break tests were employed to examine the linear and nonlinear structures, stationarity cases, and structural breaks of various ESG and economic indicators (ECON). Findings show that many indicators are nonstationary, undergo structural changes over time, and exhibit nonlinear dynamics. The results indicate that sustainability policies should focus not only on indicator levels but also on the behavioral patterns and vulnerabilities of these indicators over time. In this regard, policymakers need to develop a holistic perspective on the economy and ESG, focusing on long-term and flexible policy designs. The study also offers important implications for how the ECON-ESG framework can serve as a model for both national and international markets, particularly in Germany, a developed and leading country in terms of sustainability. Therefore, the proposed ECON-ESG framework offers both theoretical and practical roadmaps for policymakers, firms, and investors to create long-term ESG strategies in support of the SDGs.
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    Measuring Sustainability Under Uncertainty: Introducing Net ESG (N-ESG) Performance
    (Wiley, 2025) Ongan, Serdar; Isik, Cem; Aydin, Rahman; Imamoglu, Ilyas Kays; Alvarado, Rafael; Ahmad, Munir
    This study examines the reliability of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores in uncertain environments by introducing a new indicator, Net ESG (N-ESG), for the first time. This new index was calculated by subtracting a new ESG-based sustainability uncertainty index (ESGUI) from ESG scores. This study employed Pedroni (2004) and Westerlund (2007) tests, as well as the DOLS method, for 12 developed countries from 2002 to 2020. It analyzed the impact of economic, geopolitical, climate, and energy price-related uncertainties on both ESG and N-ESG through eight different models. Empirical findings indicate that a 1% change in CPU, GPR, EPU, and OPU indices increases ESG by 0.048, 0.355, 0.111, and 0.044 units, respectively, while the same rate of change decreases N-ESG by -6.501, -18.756, -8.972, and -8.193 units, respectively. These results can be interpreted as ESG scores may not fully reflect the true performance of companies in times of uncertainty, while N-ESG provides a more accurate representation of sustainability practices. These results suggest that policymakers should focus their sustainability policies not only on increasing ESG scores but also on preserving the true value of ESG by reducing uncertainty effects.
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    The Role of Women's Entrepreneurship, Unemployment, Global Warming, and Technology in Sustainable Development: Evidence From OECD Countries
    (Wiley, 2025) Isik, Cem; Ongan, Serdar; Gunlu, Ebru; Aydin, Rahman; Imamoglu, Ilyas Kays
    This study examines the effects of women's entrepreneurship, global warming, technological advancements, and unemployment on the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) across 38 OECD countries. Using country-specific panel causality methods, the analysis reveals significant asymmetries between developed and developing economies. Women's entrepreneurship (FEM) and technology (TEC) demonstrate stronger positive effects in developing countries such as Mexico, Slovakia, and Costa Rica, supporting SDGs 5 and 9. Global warming (SUR) negatively affects both groups, with notable impacts in Belgium, Mexico, and the UK, emphasizing the urgency of SDG 13. Unemployment (UNM) poses greater threats to sustainable development in emerging economies-particularly in Turkey and Latin American nations-while its influence remains limited in advanced countries. These results underscore the heterogeneous nature of SDG progress and suggest that universal, one-size-fits-all policies may fall short. Instead, national strategies should strengthen gender-inclusive entrepreneurship and innovation, while mitigating climate risks and labor market vulnerabilities. This paper presents a novel, multidimensional econometric framework and offers original insights into how interlinked economic, social, and environmental factors influence sustainability outcomes across diverse national contexts.
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    The Role of Women's Labor Law and Business Freedom in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in OECD Countries
    (Wiley, 2025) Isik, Cem; Ongan, Serdar; Isik, Olcay; Aydin, Rahman; Imamoglu, Ilyas Kays
    Business freedom (FR) and women's labor law (WLL) are critical in achieving the SDGs. This research aims to test the effect of these two factors on the SDGs while also considering economic growth and energy efficiency, framing the analysis within the legal, economic, and environmental dynamics of the SDGs holistically. Fourier-augmented PANIC, cross-sectional dependence tests, panel OLS, bootstrap quantile regression, and panel Granger causality tests are applied for this aim. The OLS and bootstrap quantile regression analyses indicate that while FR negatively affects SDG at lower quantiles, these effects turn positive in higher quantiles. This can mean that in countries with high institutional quality, the freedom to do business becomes a tool for supporting sustainable economic development. The WLL has positive effects on SDGs in all quantiles except the 20th quantile. This result clearly shows the decisive role of women's labor rights and legal protections in driving sustainable development. The Granger causality test also supports these results: FR and WLL have a positive Granger causality effect on the SDGs. Additionally, while GDP positively affects SDGs in all quantiles, renewable energy efficiency negatively affects SDGs at low quantiles and has a positive impact at higher quantiles.