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Öğe Biodiversity and characterization of gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci isolated from pastırma produced under different curing processes(TUBITAK, 2019) Fettahoğlu K.; Çinar K.; Kaya M.; Kaban G.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different curing temperatures (4 °C or 10 °C) and agents (KNO 3 or NaNO 2 ) on microbiological and physicochemical properties of pastırma and diversity of gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci (GCC + ) and also to investigate some technological properties of the strains. Four different groups of pastırma were produced applying different curing temperatures and agents. After production, GCC + isolated from pastırma were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic (16S rRNA sequencing) identification. Genotypically characterized strains were evaluated for their technological properties. In all groups, a w and pH were observed to be under 0.90 and over 5.5, respectively. In genotypic identification, 45 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus vitulinus, while other isolates identified were S. equorum (n = 15), S. saprophyticus (n = 15), and S. xylosus (n = 12). All of the strains could grow at different salt concentrations (8% and 15%) and temperatures (4 °C, 10 °C, and 37 °C). Four strains of S. saprophyticus showed strong lipolytic activity while nine strains of S. vitulinus had strong proteolytic activity. This study showed that different curing temperatures and agents are particularly effective on the microflora in pastırma; however, these factors do not cause a high diversity in GCC + in terms of species. © TÜBİTAKÖğe Effects of autochthonous Lactobacillus plantarum strains on Listeria monocytogenes in sucuk during ripening(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2019) Kamiloğlu A.; Kaban G.; Kaya M.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of autochthonous Lactobacillus plantarum strains (S50, S51, S72, S74, and S85) as starter cultures on growth of Listeria monocytogenes in sucuk (Turkish dry fermented sausage) production. The counts of L. monocytogenes, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae as well as pH value and moisture content were determined in sucuk during ripening period. L. monocytogenes, lactic acid bacteria, and pH value were significantly affected (p < 0.01) by both starter culture and ripening period. A slight increase in L. monocytogenes count was observed in the control group whereas a reduction was observed in samples produced with L. plantarum strains at the first day of fermentation. Although L. monocytogenes reduction in control group with spontaneous microbiota was 0.54 log cfu/g after 11 days of ripening, reductions of as high as 2.74 log cfu/g was observed in the presence of L. plantarum S50. Practical applications: In the current study, five different autochthonous Lactobacillus plantarum isolates were identified, the effects of these strains on the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in Turkish fermented sausage (sucuk) were determined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report investigating the effects of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria strains on behavior of L. monocytogenes in sucuk fermentation. As starter culture autochthonous lactic acid bacteria can be more competitive than commercial types. Our findings reveal the importance of the use of these autochthonous L. plantarum strains causes rapid pH drop to inhibit L. monocytogenes growth during sucuk fermentation. And also L. plantarum S50 strain may be more suitable for use as bioprotective culture or starter culture compared to other strains. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe The relation of collector and storage tank size in solar heating systems(2012) Çomakli K.; Çakir U.; Kaya M.; Bakirci K.The most popular method to benefit from the solar energy is to use solar water heating systems since it is one of the cheapest way to benefit from the solar energy. The investment cost of a solar water heating system is very low, and the maintenance costs are nearly zero. Using the solar energy for solar water heating (SWH) technology has been greatly improved during the past century. A storage tank is used in many solar water heating systems for the conservation of heat energy or hot water for use when some need it. In addition, domestic hot water consumption is strongly variable in many buildings. It depends on the geographical situation, also on the country customs, and of course on the type of building usage. Above all, it depends on the inhabitants' specific lifestyle. For that reason, to provide the hot water for consumption at the desirable temperature whenever inhabitants require it, there must be a good relevance between the collectors and storage tank. In this paper, the optimum sizes of the collectors and the storage tank are determined to design more economic and efficient solar water heating systems. A program has been developed and validated with the experimental study and environmental data. The environmental data were obtained through a whole year of operation for Erzurum, Turkey. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Resources invested in education and pisa 2015 results: A comparative study(Ankara University, 2018) Aydın A.; Selvitopu A.; Kaya M.The purpose of this comparative study is to examine the Programme for International Student Assessment PISA 2015 results of the ten best performing countries and Turkey in the context of resources invested in education. For that purpose, to make some comparisons, PISA results of best performing countries, Turkey and OECD average were examined. In this literature review study. document analysis technique was used to analyze the data. Results show that per capita Gross Domestic Production (GDP) and total educational expenditure ratios of 6-15 age group are important indicators. While material resources in most countries are enough for training activities, this is not the case for Turkey especially in low Socio Economic Status (SES) profile schools. There is no significant difference with teacher-student ratio between best performers, OECD average and Turkey. Another point is that teachers who work in low SES profile schools in Turkey rarely participates professional development activities. Total teaching time for 6-15 age groups is very high in Turkey compared with best performing countries, so this finding brings forward quality issues in teaching time. In addition, attendance rate at pre-primary school is really low in Turkey. To sum up, it is suggested to review educational policies in the social justice context to grow individuals who have effective thinking abilities, better communication and problem solving skills. © 2018, Ankara University. All rights reserved.
