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    An Assessment of The Water Quality of Erdemli? (Mersi? n) Coastal Aquifer
    (TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers, 2023) Karakuş, Fatma Ece; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Yıldırım, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Güven, Onur
    The water quality and quantity of coastal aquifers are increasingly adversly affected due to changing climate conditions and increasing anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted to determine the water quality and pollutants of the Erdemli Coastal Aquifer (ECA). In this study, groundwater sampling was carried out in August 2020 to determine the physical and chemical properties of the water. The obtained results were evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards. It was found that the electrical conductivity values were quite high in samples taken from certain points near the Mediterranean coast of ECA. These samples also exhibited high sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl?) concentrations, exceeding the recommended WHO limits. Another significant problem in the ECA is nitrate (NO3?) pollution. The nitrate concentrations in the August 2020 samples ranged from 2.17 to 131.51 mg/L, with 15 samples exceeding the limit value (50 mg/L). Some samples also exceeded the WHO-established limit values for trace element concentrations (Al, Fe and Ni). When assessing the groundwater in the study area for agricultural irrigation water quality, it was determined that waters in areas with active seawater intrusion were not suitable for irrigation purposes. The study area and its vicinity have been witnessing the opening of new agricultural areas on a daily basis. This situation further exacerbates the pressure on the declining water resources in the ECA. As a result, the implementation of sustainable integrated water management in ECA is urgently needed. © 2023, TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers. All rights reserved.
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    Arsenic pollution caused by Eocene volcanism in the Sivas Basin: The old drinking water source of the Yalıncak village (Hafik, Sivas)
    (Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 2021) Biçgel, Birsen Feray; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Yıldırım, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Güven, Onur
    The aim of this study is to investigate the origin of the high concentration (1512 µg/L) of arsenic (As) in the old drinking water source of Yalıncak village (Hafik, Sivas). For this purpose, 48 samples were collected from the rocks outcropping in the recharge area of the drinking water source. The major oxide contents of the rock samples were determined by XRF method, mineralogical compositions by polarizing microscope and XRD methods and As concentrations of minerals were determined by using SEM-EDS method. As revealed by these analyses, the source of arsenic in the waters of the region was found out to be tuffite unit, containing pyroxene and plagioclase minerals, as well as volcanic glass fragments of different origins and sizes. It has been detected that arsenic oxide (As2O3) concentrations in rock samples vary between 0.01% and 0.14% and some minerals contain As up to 14%. It was determined that arsenic pollution in surface and groundwater in the region was caused by the dissolution (by water-rock interaction) of FeAsS (arsenopyrite) and BAsO4 (boron arsenate) minerals found in the tuffites of the Eocene age Bozbel formation in the Sivas Basin.
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    Assessment of Discharge and Water Quality of Deliçay (Mersin) from Its Source to Mediterranean Sea
    (Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, 2020) Yıldırım, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Güven, Onur
    In this study, at 11 different points along the Deliçay, which originates near Güzelyayla (Mersin) settlement in the Central Taurus Mountains and discharging into the Mediterranean Sea, streamflow was determined and water samples were collected after in-situ physical parameter measurements to reveal the changes in water chemistry. Major anion/cation and trace element contents of the water samples taken were analyzed in the laboratory using spectrophotometer, ion chromatography, titration, and ICP-MS methods. The results obtained were evaluated using various graphical methods and their suitability for agricultural irrigation purposes were evaluated. As a result, it has been determined that all water samples taken from Deliçay are suitable for agricultural irrigation. It was concluded that the parameters that may indicate pollution in the samples increase towards the basin outlet and the reason for this increase was interpreted as the uncontrolled discharge of various chemicals (fertilizers and agrochemicals) and domestic/industrial wastes into the river.
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    An Assessment of The Water Quality of Erdemli? (Mersi? n) Coastal Aquifer
    (TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers, 2023) Karakuş, Fatma Ece; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Yildirim, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Güven, Onur
    The water quality and quantity of coastal aquifers are increasingly adversly affected due to changing climate conditions and increasing anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted to determine the water quality and pollutants of the Erdemli Coastal Aquifer (ECA). In this study, groundwater sampling was carried out in August 2020 to determine the physical and chemical properties of the water. The obtained results were evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards. It was found that the electrical conductivity values were quite high in samples taken from certain points near the Mediterranean coast of ECA. These samples also exhibited high sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl?) concentrations, exceeding the recommended WHO limits. Another significant problem in the ECA is nitrate (NO3?) pollution. The nitrate concentrations in the August 2020 samples ranged from 2.17 to 131.51 mg/L, with 15 samples exceeding the limit value (50 mg/L). Some samples also exceeded the WHO-established limit values for trace element concentrations (Al, Fe and Ni). When assessing the groundwater in the study area for agricultural irrigation water quality, it was determined that waters in areas with active seawater intrusion were not suitable for irrigation purposes. The study area and its vicinity have been witnessing the opening of new agricultural areas on a daily basis. This situation further exacerbates the pressure on the declining water resources in the ECA. As a result, the implementation of sustainable integrated water management in ECA is urgently needed. © 2023, TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers. All rights reserved.
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    An Investigation into the Causes of Salinization in the Tarsus Coastal Aquifer (Mersin)
    (TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers, 2022) Güven, Onur; Güler, Cüneyt; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Yildirim, Ümit
    This study investigated the causes of the salinization occurring in the Tarsus Coastal Aquifer (Mersin) located in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Groundwater salinization, which is a critical problem, especially in the Mediterranean basin, occurs as a result of processes and mechanisms such as seawater intrusion, climate change, geogenic effects and anthropogenic activities (pollution and hydrological interventions). In this context, samples were collected from 87 groundwater wells and seawater (Mediterranean) during a field study conducted in September 2020. The temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, salinity, reduction-oxidation (redox) potential, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solid values of collected water samples were measured in the field. The major ion and trace element contents (Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+, HCO-3, CO-23, Cl-, SO-24, NO-3, NO-2, B, Br, Sr ve Li) of the water samples were analyzed in a laboratory by spectrometric (ICP-MS), spectrophotometric, and volumetric (titration) methods. Thematic distribution maps of the analyzed parameters were created using a Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The hydrochemical facies of the water samples were determined using Piper and HFE diagrams. In order to explain the salinization mechanisms occurring in the region, binary (x-y) graphs were created using the ratios of various major ions and/or trace elements. According to the results obtained, it was revealed that the salinization phenomenon affecting the Tarsus Coastal Aquifer occurred as a result of seawater intrusion, the dissolution of Messinian evaporites (anhydrite, gypsum and halite) and anthropogenic (agricultural and industrial) activities. © 2022, TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers. All rights reserved.
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    Morphometric Characteristics of River Basins Between Göksu River and Tarsus Stream (Mersin)
    (TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers, 2025) Yıldırım, Ümit; Güler, Cüneyt; Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Güven, Onur
    This study contributes to developing basin-based management strategies in the study area by conducting morphometric analyses of 17 river basins in Mersin province, located in the Eastern Mediterranean region, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). For this purpose, morphometric parameters were divided into “basic parameters” and “characteristic parameters” derived from these parameters. Characteristic parameters used for the hydrological, geomorphological, and geological interpretation of the basins are: drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, bifurcation ratio, form factor, elongation ratio, overland flow length, relief ratio and hypsometric integral. According to the results, drainage density, stream frequency and flood risk are low in basins with carbonate rocks in the west of the study area, while flood risk is higher in basins to the east. There is a negative relationship between the area of the river basins and the relief. In some basins, tectonic and structural factors affect the bifurcation ratios. The basins have thin and elongated shapes in the north-south direction. The hypsometric integral values of the basins in the west of the study area are higher than those in the east, and these basins are more sensitive to erosion. In addition to the flood/overflow disaster risk assessments made with data obtained from the analyses in this study, a database was also created to evaluate hydrological modelling and disaster risk management processes to be carried out in the study area in the future. © 2025 TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers. All rights reserved.
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    Pollution Source and Soil Quality Assessments of Heavily Contaminated Soils by Selected Potentially Toxic Elements in a Human-Degraded Wetland Area
    (Mdpi, 2024) Kurt, Mehmet Ali; Yalcin, Sezen; Guler, Cuneyt; Guven, Onur; Yildirim, Umit
    Wetlands are transitional between terrestrial and aquatic environments and have essential ecological functions. Unfortunately, due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, the area covered by wetlands is gradually decreasing worldwide, causing deterioration and loss of their critical and vital ecological functions. One of these degraded wetlands is the H & uuml;rmet & ccedil;i Sazl & imath;& gbreve;& imath;, a nationally important wetland located in the Kayseri Province of Turkey. This study aims to determine the spatial and vertical (depth profile) distribution and the sources of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in the soils around the H & uuml;rmet & ccedil;i Sazl & imath;& gbreve;& imath; Wetland (HSW) and to evaluate environmental risk factors using various soil quality indicators. According to the results obtained, it was determined that some parts of the wetland soils were significantly polluted in terms of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn. The concentrations (in mg/kg) of these PTEs in the soil around the wetland ranged between 9.12 and 273.9 for As, 0.38 and 1119.46 for Cd, 3.59 and 1807.66 for Pb, and 41.68 and 77,287.5 for Zn. Several soil quality indicators, including the Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Ecological Risk Index (ERI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), were calculated to determine the quality and pollution levels of the collected soil samples. According to the calculated RI values, 70 out of 77 sites sampled in the area around the HSW are in the High Risk class in terms of all studied PTEs. The soil profile samples indicated that the topsoil (0-50 cm) was heavily contaminated by all PTEs, particularly near a zinc processing plant established in 1976. In addition, parts of the wetland further away from the Zn processing plant were also affected by arsenic pollution from geogenic sources, which can be associated with Plio-Quaternary volcanic activity in the region.