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    Effects of Pharmaceutical Waste on the Environment and Public Health, Recycling and Legislative Framework Abstract
    (Bülent VEREP, 2026) Yönten, Eda; Baykara, Gülbahar; Çiydem, Zeynep; Yaramış, Esra; Muhcu, Merve; Çekiç, Nurdane; Karakaş, Ümit
    Pharmaceutical waste is classified as hazardous waste that poses significant threats to environmental ecosystems and public health, requiring specific management measures. Expired medicines, drugs stored under inappropriate conditions, over-prescribed pharmaceuticals, or those rendered obsolete due to changes in treatment protocols contribute to water, soil, and air pollution, adversely affecting biodiversity. Additionally, the uncontrolled release of antibiotic residues into the environment leads to the development of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms, emerging as a global health concern. Based on panel outcomes with associate degree students and a comprehensive literature review, this study examines pharmaceutical waste's environmental and public health impacts, explores recycling and sustainability practices, and evaluates the current legislative frameworks in Türkiye and globally. Findings reveal the absence of a dedicated legal framework for pharmaceutical waste management in Türkiye, with relevant provisions dispersed across various regulations. In conclusion, legislative coherence should be established, recycling infrastructure should be strengthened, and public awareness programs should be expanded to ensure effective pharmaceutical waste management.