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Öğe High-Throughput Phenotyping Approach for Screening Major Carotenoids of Tomato by Handheld Raman Spectroscopy Using Chemometric Methods(Mdpi, 2020) Akpolat, Hacer; Barineau, Mark; Jackson, Keith A.; Akpolat, Mehmet Z.; Francis, David M.; Chen, Yu-Ju; Rodriguez-Saona, Luis E.Our objective was to develop a rapid technique for the non-invasive profiling and quantification of major tomato carotenoids using handheld Raman spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition techniques. A total of 106 samples with varying carotenoid profiles were provided by the Ohio State University Tomato Breeding and Genetics program and Lipman Family Farms (Naples, FL, USA). Non-destructive measurement from the surface of tomatoes was performed by a handheld Raman spectrometer equipped with a 1064 nm excitation laser, and data analysis was performed using soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA)), artificial neural network (ANN), and partial least squares regression (PLSR) for classification and quantification purposes. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV/visible spectrophotometry were used for profiling and quantification of major carotenoids. Seven groups were identified based on their carotenoid profile, and supervised classification by SIMCA and ANN clustered samples with 93% and 100% accuracy based on a validation test data, respectively. All-trans-lycopene and beta-carotene levels were measured with a UV-visible spectrophotometer, and prediction models were developed using PLSR and ANN. Regression models developed with Raman spectra provided excellent prediction performance by ANN (r(pre)= 0.9, SEP = 1.1 mg/100 g) and PLSR (r(pre)= 0.87, SEP = 2.4 mg/100 g) for non-invasive determination of all-trans-lycopene in fruits. Although the number of samples were limited for beta-carotene quantification, PLSR modeling showed promising results (r(cv)= 0.99, SECV = 0.28 mg/100 g). Non-destructive evaluation of tomato carotenoids can be useful for tomato breeders as a simple and rapid tool for developing new varieties with novel profiles and for separating orange varieties with distinct carotenoids (high in beta-carotene and high incis-lycopene).Öğe Portable infrared sensing technology for phenotyping chemical traits in fresh market tomatoes(Elsevier, 2020) Akpolat, Hacer; Barineau, Mark; Jackson, Keith A.; Aykas, Didem P.; Rodriguez-Saona, Luis E.Our objective was to develop predictive regression algorithms based on infrared spectroscopy to screen for selected quality traits directed at optimizing the selection capabilities of fresh market tomatoes. Fresh tomato (681) samples were harvested from multiple locations (Florida, Virginia, California and South Carolina) during the 2016 and 2018 seasons at various ripening stages. Spectra were collected by transmittance and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) either from the tomato surface or juice. Reference methods included soluble solid content, titratable acidity, sugars, organic acids, and lycopene. Partial least squares regression using surface spectra showed good correlation for lycopene and ascorbic acid (r(cv) > 0.9) but modest correlation coefficients (r(cv) 0.54-0.80) for all other traits, while juice spectra gave high correlation coefficients (r(cv) > 0.94) and excellent predictive performance (RPD range 3-10) for all quality traits except ascorbic acid (r(cv) > 0.79). Multiple quality traits were simultaneously determined by using a single drop of sample providing fast (< 1 min) measurements and minimal sample preparation based on unique spectral fingerprints.Öğe Raman Spectroscopy for Food Quality: Assessment Uncovering Adulteration and Ensuring Authenticity(CRC Press, 2024) Ayvaz, Huseyin; Yao, Siyu; Morta, Mustafa; Temizkan, Riza; Akpolat, Hacer; Rodriguez-Saona, Luis E.The globalization of the food market, the prevalence of economically motivated adulteration, and the scarcity of high-value food sources have posed significant challenges to ensuring food authenticity in the industry. The assessment of food authenticity has now become a matter of utmost importance, necessitating the adoption of rapid and robust methods. While well-established techniques are available for analysis, many are not always feasible because of the need for high-priced instrumentation and proficient operators, excessive time requirements, and the destructive nature of the methods. However, Raman spectroscopy has been positioned as an attractive technology offering high-speed and nondestructive fingerprinting capabilities to monitor sample characteristics of foods. Improvements in optical technology and portable instruments have allowed field-deployable devices and have made it practical to detect adulteration from production to the market. An extensive literature has demonstrated the convenience and efficacy of these instruments in fulfilling the needs of the food industry. This chapter highlights the recent advancements in research studies focusing on the utilization of Raman spectroscopy for the rapid determination of food adulteration and authentication. These developments showcase the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a valuable tool in addressing the challenges posed by food fraud. The ongoing progress in Raman spectroscopy and its applications in food authenticity assessment represents a significant step forward in combating adulteration and ensuring the integrity of our food supply. Further research and technological advancements in this field will enhance the capabilities of Raman spectroscopy, providing the industry with increasingly reliable, efficient, and practical methods to combat food adulteration and authenticate the foods we consume. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Ugur Tamer, Mustafa Culha, and smail Hakki Boyaci; individual chapters, the contributors.
