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    Analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome-b (CYB) and ATPase-6 gene mutations in COVID-19 patients
    (Wiley, 2022) Dirican, Ebubekir; Savrun, Seyda Tuba; Aydin, Ismail Erkan; Gulbay, Gonca; Karaman, Ulku
    Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are becoming increasingly common in various diseases. This study aims to investigate mutations in the cytochrome-b (CYB) and adenosine triphosphatase-6 (ATPase-6) genes of mtDNA in COVID-19 patients. The association between mtDNA mutations and clinical outcomes is investigated here. In the present study, mutations of the mtDNA genes CYB and ATPase-6 were investigated in COVID-19 (+) (n = 65) and COVID-19 (-) patients (n = 65). First, we isolated DNA from the blood samples. After the PCR analyses, the mutations were defined using Sanger DNA sequencing. The age, creatinine, ferritin, and CRP levels of the COVID 19 (+) patients were higher than those of the COVID-19 (-) patients (p = 0.0036, p = 0.0383, p = 0.0305, p < 0.0001, respectively). We also found 16 different mutations in the CYB gene and 14 different mutations in the ATPase-6 gene. The incidences of CYB gene mutations A15326G, T15454C, and C15452A were higher in COVID-19 (+) patients than COVID-19 (-) patients; p < 0.0001: OR (95% CI): 4.966 (2.215-10.89), p = 0.0226, and p = 0.0226, respectively. In contrast, the incidences of A8860G and G9055A ATPase-6 gene mutations were higher in COVID-19 (+) patients than COVID-19 (-) patients; p < 0.0001: OR (95%CI): 5.333 (2.359-12.16) and p = 0.0121 respectively. Yet, no significant relationship was found between mtDNA mutations and patients' age and biochemical parameters (p > 0.05). The results showed that the frequency of mtDNA mutations in COVID-19 patients is quite high and it is important to investigate the association of these mutations with other genetic mechanisms in larger patient populations.
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    Thiol disulfide homeostasis in primary dysmenorrhea
    (Mre Press, 2022) Savrun, Atakan; Savrun, Seyda Tuba; Dirican, Ebubekir; Gokcen, Emre; Arici, Yeliz Kasko; Aygun, Ali; Korkmaz, Vakkas
    Oxidative stress is defined as a result of the loss of balance between the production of free radical or reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system. This study aimed to determine the level of thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) in the serum of women with primary dysmenorrhea. The study group consisted of 42 subjects with primary dysmenorrhea, and the control group consisted of 30 volunteer women with demographic characteristics similar to the study group. Native thiol (SH), total thiol (TSH), disulphide (SS), and SH/SS parameters were measured for TDH of the subjects. The SH (p = 0.038) and SH/TSH (p = 0.046) levels were significantly higher while SS (p = 0.013), SS/SH (p = 0.042) and SS/TSH (p = 0.046) levels were lower in the study group than in the healthy control group. The SS cut-off value was determined as 17.85 in the study group (sensitivity = 61.9%, specificity = 43.3%). Therefore, the probability of dysmenorrhea may increase significantly when SS levels fall below this value. In subjects with dysmenorrhea, there was a decrease in SS levels and an increase in SH levels in order to protect the cells and tissues from the harmful effects of free radicals.