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    Financial system, financial development and firm survival: Perspectives from Turkish financial system and globalization
    (Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2020) Kara, Adnan; Sayar, Ramazan
    In modern economy, enterprises need to develop a financial system, including institutions such as banks and stock exchanges. This book aims to portray how financial system affects firms in global and regional levels. It offers new insights by examining financial institutions and factors affecting financial system. Six researchers from economics and business administration research fields contributed to this book. All contributions are theoretical studies. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2020. All rights reserved.
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    Mekânsal Panel Modelleri Kullanılarak Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Çevresel Bozulma ve Büyüme İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: Balkan Ülkelerinden Kanıtlar
    (2023) Sayar, Ramazan; Arı, Yılmaz Onur; Bayramoğlu, Turgut
    Amaç: Bu çalışmayla karbon salınımının Balkan ülkeleri ve Türkiye'nin büyümesine etkisinin olup olmadığının, eğer varsa, bu etkinin ne yönde ve ne yoğunlukta olduğunun bulunması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada karbon emisyonları ve yenilenebilir enerji üretiminin Türkiye ve 12 Balkan ülkesinin büyümesine etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada mekânsal etkileşimleri ortaya çıkarabilmek için Mekânsal Otokorelasyon Analizi yapılmıştır. Büyümeyi etkileyen faktörleri incelemek için ise Havuzlanmış En Küçük Kareler yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre Balkan ülkelerinde yenilenebilir enerjinin büyüme üzerindeki olumsuz etkisinin, yenilenebilir enerjinin henüz gelişme aşamasında olması ve üretimdeki payının hala düşük olmasından kaynaklandığı söylenebilir. Yenilenebilir enerji sektöründeki yatırımların sınırlı olması yenilenebilir enerji sektörünün yavaş yayılmasına neden olmaktadır. Özgünlük: Çalışmada farklı bir yöntem olarak mekânsal panel modellerinin kullanılması ve kapsamın Türkiye ile sınırlı tutulmayıp tüm Balkan ülkelerini de kapsaması bu çalışmanın özgün değerini oluşturmaktadır.
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    The Relationship of financial development and export; the case of Turkey: A literature review
    (Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2020) Sayar, Ramazan
    During the global financial crisis in 2008, the world trade experienced a large and severe collapse. Between 2008 and 2009, world exports and exports in Turkey decreased by 16% and 22%, respectively. The recent research has shown that the slowdown in global demand and tight financing conditions are the main factors behind this drop in exports. Auboin (2009) has stated that the 10%-15% decline in international trade after the global financial crisis may be due to the decline in commercial finance. In addition, the decline in commercial finance is particularly important for developing countries that have many sectors dependent on external financing. This study examines the reasons of the decline in exports in the world especially in Turkey during global financial crisis and assesses whether the financing constraints have contributed to this collapse.This study considered as a literature review consists of theoretical framework of the relationship between export and export financing. In order to show whether there is an effect of financing in international trade, firstly, research on the financial models is included in the classical models of international trade that show the dependence of international trading companies to financing. Secondly it has been utilized studies that analyzing of empirical evaluations of the effects of the external trade firms' dependence on external financing. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2020. All rights reserved.
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    Socio-economic determinants of environmental degradation: Empirical evidence for the Environmental Kuznets Curve
    (Sciendo, 2023) Gultekin, Omer Faruk; Sayar, Ramazan; Ari, Yilmaz Onur
    The aim of the paper is to examine socio-economic determinants of environmental degradation. The empirical study employs quantile regression which enables separate predictions for different levels of the dependent variable to be made. This study investigated 62 countries from low, middle and some high income countries for 1995-2019. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is verified for the aforemented countries in analyzing the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions using quantile regression. The study also revealed that the schooling rate has a pollution-increasing effect. In addition to the reducing effects of trade openness, democracy, and economic freedom variables on environmental degradation, the opposite effect of life expectancy at birth is observed, increasing environmental degradation. In this context, this paper concluded that the EKC hypothesis is not supported. The government should encourage pollution-reducing policies in low and middle income countries.