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    Full-scale structural evaluations of Iskenderpas,a minaret
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Aymelek, Abdullah; Yanik, Yusuf; Demirtas, Betul; Yildirim, Omer; Calik, Ismet; Turker, Temel
    Nowadays, innovative methods have been used for observing and structural evaluating of historical structures. In this paper, it is presented the full-scale structural assessments of a minaret after a Finite Element model calibrating according to vibration test results. Also, the structural behaviours under earthquake and wind loads were identified by considering the environmental effects on the selected masonry minaret of Iskenderpas,a Mosque. First of all, modal analysis was executed on the three-dimensional Finite Element model created according to field survey in ANSYS Workbench. In-situ vibration tests were implemented at different intervals by using developed vibration measurement system. The experimental modal parameters were attained from collected signals. The experimental results were used as reference values in model calibration of this minaret to reflect the existing structural behaviour. Model calibration process was carried out on the initial model both by changing of material properties of masonry wall and by taking into account the interactions with mosque walls and ground. Full-scale structural evaluation was carried out under earthquake and wind loads on both the initial and the calibrated models in the weak direction of this minaret. The top displacements, drift ratios, principal stress values and their distributions were determined. It was shown that the analyses on the calibrated model produce more realistic structural behaviour.
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    Variations of natural frequencies of masonry minarets due to environmental effects
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Yanik, Yusuf; Aymelek, Abdullah; Yildirim, Omer; Demirtas, Betuel; Turker, Temel
    It is very important to distinguish the reason of change in natural frequencies of structures either caused by a possible damage or environmental conditions (temperature and humidity). In this study, the changes in the dynamic properties of masonry and reinforced concrete minarets under environmental effects, such as temperature and humidity, were investigated. The masonry minarets of Iskenderpasa, Haci Kasim, and Tavanli Mosques and the reinforced concrete minarets of Karadeniz Technical University, Dilaveroglu and Papatya Mosques in Trabzon were monitored by ambient vibration test method, and the relationship between natural frequencies and temperature and humidity was tried to be determined. For this purpose, the natural frequencies of these minarets were measured at certain intervals under different temperature and humidity conditions over a period of approximately 6 months. The vibration measurement system which was developed by our research team was used in the measurements. From the data collected by these measurements, the variation intervals of the natural frequencies (the smallest and the highest values), the percentages of change and their relations with temperature and humidity were revealed. This relationship was determined using linear-non-linear simple and multiple regression analyses. From this study, it was found that the natural frequencies change under environmental effects, such as temperature and humidity, and this rate of change was approximately 7%. There was moderate correlation in Tavanli, Dilaveroglu, and Papatya Minarets, and strong correlation in Haci Kasim Minaret.