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    Barriers to physical activity in individuals with autism spectrum disorders after the 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquakes in Turkiye
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Yarimkaya, Erkan; Senlik, Zeynel Abidin; Demir, Mehmet; Toman, Ufuk; Kul, Murat; Turkmen, Mutlu
    The individual, environmental and systemic physical activity (PA) barriers experienced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in daily life may become more complex after a devastating disaster such as an earthquake. In order to effectively combat the high level of inactivity that may occur after an earthquake in individuals with ASD, PA barriers must be determined before the earthquake. However, no description is provided in the literature regarding the PA barriers experienced by individuals with ASD after the earthquake. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to examine parents' experiences regarding PA barriers experienced by individuals with ASD after the 2023 Kahramanmara & scedil; earthquakes in T & uuml;rkiye. Fifteen parents of individuals aged 8 and 31 with ASD were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using both inductive and deductive content analysis approach. Three overarching themes were found: (1) the effects of PA on individuals with ASD, (2) post-earthquake PA barriers, and (3) the consequences of lack of PA in individuals with ASD. The results revealed that parents were aware of the benefits of PA and directed their children with ASD to PA before the earthquake. However, after the earthquake, parents encountered PA barriers that they had to overcome, and this negatively affected the children with ASD.
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    Do we need a guideline for all: a qualitative study on the experiences of male athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
    (Bmc, 2024) Gokmen, Mehmet Yigit; Cepikkurt, Fatma; Belibagli, Mehmet Cenk; Uluoz, Mesut; Ozyol, Funda Coskun; Bavli, Ozhan; Turkmen, Mutlu
    BackgroundConsidering the low rate of qualitative studies on athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), aiming to access in-depth data, we thought that the utilization of the qualitative method would allow us to collect the appropriate and sufficient data to yield novel findings and achieve sound conclusions. The study's aim was to investigate anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury experience processes in athletes who had undergone isolated ACLR, reveal the clinically related milestones, and highlight the necessary gaps.MethodsSemi-structured interview techniques, in-depth follow-up questions, and thematic analysis were used to explore the experiences of participants with isolated ACL injuries 1-3 years after surgical treatment. The study was conducted in the Orthopaedics and Traumatology outpatient clinic of the Adana City Training and Research Hospital and included 14 male athletes who had undergone isolated primary ACLR. The study group's demographic and qualitative data were collected in the first week of September 2023. The member checking process was completed in the third following week. A thematic analysis checklist was used to ensure the reliability of the thematic analysis. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting of Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines were followed.ResultsThe experiences of 14 patients (22.78 +/- 3.76 years, all males) were summarized into four themes that emerged from the data analysis process: 'The Distinctions in the Participants' Experiences Regarding the Moment of Injury,' 'Gathering Information about the ACL Injury,' 'Factors That Facilitate The Treatment Process and Reinforce Positive Experiences,' and 'Desperate Plight: Main Points of Patients' Negative Experiences.' Based on the main themes, there were 14 subthemes.ConclusionsOur study revealed that varying perceptions of ACL injury presented by the participants, which were caused by all stakeholders, including themselves, the professional environment, family members, social network, and the healthcare staff, showed that the physical and psychological impacts of the injury were observed in different severity levels at each stage of the process. We believe that an extensive guide for athletes with ACL injuries that includes all components of well-being and displays the required details for the sports club/coach, family/companion, and physician.
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    The effect of muscle electrical stimulation on muscle stiffness problems and musculoskeletal pain caused by muscle imbalance: A systematic review
    (Mattioli 1885, 2021) Saatchian, Vapid; Turkmen, Mutlu; Esfahani, Mandi; Zadeh, Reza Amin; Talib, Ahmed Mushtaq; Azimkhani, Amin
    Whole Body Electrical Stimulation (WB-EMS) is a relatively new training method that has been used extensively in recent years, however, the lack of consensus on the efficacy of Whole Body Electrical Stimulation exists, and the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of this method on postural structure problems and musculoskeletal pain. Summary of articles by ISC, Google Scholar , American Journal of Sports Medicine , PubMed Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , Cochrane , and Sports Medicine Journals between 2000 and 2019 were studied to identify all studies that report electrical stimulation applied simultaneously to the upper and lower limbs. Keywords: Electrical stimulation, Electrical muscle stimulation, Functional electrical stimulation, Whole body electrical stimulation, Wearable sensors, Electrotherapy, Electrode vest, Electrode vest for treatment and rehabilitation, E-fit, Electronic muscle stimulation , Whole body electronic muscle stimulation, Electronic Stimulation, Electronic Suit, Wearable Sensor, and Electrotherapy were used to obtain relevant articles and finally, 22 articles were compared according to the set criteria of 107 papers. Based on the results of studies on the effects of Whole Body Electrical Stimulation, this tool is based on parameters such as muscle strength, muscle size, body composition, obesity, sarcopenia, sarcopenia- induced obesity and pain reduction in non-specific chronic low back pain patients, have a significant positive effect. Due to the lack of studies on the effects of Whole Body Electrical Stimulation and the inconsistency between studies and the lack of similar consensus, further research is needed.
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    Examination of the Effects of Archery Exercises on Some Physical Parameters of University Students
    (Mattioli 1885, 2021) Turkmen, Mutlu; Kul, Murat; Gonen, Mevlut; Karatas, Ismail; Ceyhan, Mehmet Ali; Yildirim, Umit; Turker, Ustun
    The aim of this study was to examine the effect of eight-week modern archery training on some physical parameters of university students. In the study, one-group pretest-posttest design from the experimental research methods was used. The study group consisted of a total of 25 voluntary-students were chosen randomly 10 female and 15 male, undergraduate, and graduate levels during the fall semester of 2020-2021 academic year at Bayburt University, who have not received Olympic archery training before. The -Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was applied to analyse the data of the study. Regarding female participants, within the scope of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test results; according to the analysis results of the variables Index -Finger, Middle Finger, Ring Finger, statistically significant differences were found between the pretest and posttest values for each variable. Regarding male participants, within the scope of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test results; according to the analysis of the results of the participants' Back-Leg, Index Finger, Middle -Finger variables, statistically significant differences were found between the pretest and posttest values for each variable.
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    High-Intensity Interval Training with Cycling and Calisthenics: Effects on Aerobic Endurance, Critical Power, Sprint and Maximal Strength Performance in Sedentary Males
    (Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2022) Kul, Murat; Turkmen, Mutlu; Yildirim, Umit; Ceylan, Ramazan; Sipal, Onur; Cabuk, Refik; Akova, Abdullah
    TABATA protocol is considered to be one of the most effective strategies among high-intensity interval training (HIIT) methods. A limited number of studies have compared the chronic effects of cycling-based and calistenic HIIT in TABATA-type. The aim of this study was to compare the chronic effects of a 8-week TABATA-type calisthenic high-intensity interval and high-intensity interval in cycling on aerobic endurance, sprint and maximal strength performance in sedentary men. 17 sedentary males participated in our study. Participants were randomly divided into calisthenic HIIT (n=9) and cycling HIIT (n=8) groups. Training groups were given 3-sessions of exercise per week on non-consecutive days for 8 weeks. Before and after the 8-week training, the body mass, body mass index, fat percentage, 30-m sprint, 1-repetition maximal strength, aerobic power and critical power levels of the participants were determined. No statistically significant different was observed in body mass (p=0.917), body mass index (p=0.928), and body fat ratio (p=0.980) in both training groups. However, both training groups achieved statistically significant improvements in peak power output (p=0.017), maximal oxygen consumption (p=0.040) and critical power (p=0.048), and there was no significant difference in the level of improvement between the groups (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in 1 repetition maximal strength and sprint values of both training groups (p<0.05). TABATA type HIIT performed calistenic provides chronic effects similar to that of interval cycling form. © 2022 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
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    High-Intensity IntervalTraining with Cycling and Calisthenics: Effects on Aerobic Endurance, Critical Power, Sprint and Maximal Strength Performance in Sedentary Males
    (Federacion Espanola Asoc Docentes Educacion Fisica-Feadef, 2022) Kul, Murat; Turkmen, Mutlu; Yildirim, Umit; Ceylan, Ramazan; Sipal, Onur; Cabuk, Refik; Akova, Abdullah
    TABATA protocol is considered to be one of the most effective strategies among high-intensity interval training (HIIT) methods. A limited number of studies have compared the chronic effects of cycling-based and calistenic HIIT in TABATA-type. The aim of this study was to compare the chronic effects of a 8-week TABATA-type calisthenic high-intensity interval and highintensity interval in cycling on aerobic endurance, sprint and maximal strength performance in sedentary men. 17 sedentary males participated in our study. Participants were randomly divided into calisthenic HIIT (n=9) and cycling HIIT (n=8) groups. Training groups were given 3-sessions of exercise per week on non-consecutive days for 8 weeks. Before and after the 8-week training, the body mass, body mass index, fat percentage, 30-m sprint, 1-repetition maximal strength, aerobic power and critical power levels of the participants were determined. No statistically significant different was observed in body mass (p=0.917), body mass index (p=0.928), and body fat ratio (p=0.980) in both training groups. However, both training groups achieved statistically significant improvements in peak power output (p=0.017), maximal oxygen consumption (p=0.040) and critical power (p=0.048), and there was no significant difference in the level of improvement between the groups (p 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in 1 repetition maximal strength and sprint values of both training groups (p<0.05). TABATA type HIIT performed calistenic provides chronic effects similar to that of interval cycling form.
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    Investigation of endocrine and cerebral response and nutrition and physical performance parameters according to bigorexia nervosa levels: a cross-sectional study in sports sciences faculty students
    (Nature Portfolio, 2025) Erkilic, Ali Ozan; Bayraktar, Bulent; Erkilic, Tugce Orkun; Turkmen, Mutlu; Kul, Murat; Yonal, Mehmet
    The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Bigorexia nervosa (BGN) levels on endocrine (Asprosin, GLP-1) and cerebral (BDNF) responses and nutritional and physical (6MWT, Six-Minute Walk Test)), speed, metabolic equivalent unit (MET)) performance parameters in students of the faculty of sports sciences. This study investigated muscle dysmorphic disorder (MDD), physical activity levels, and specific hormonal markers in 120 university students (63 females, 57 males) aged 18-25 years, all studying sport sciences and reporting no existing health problems. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire and the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder (Bigorexia) Inventory through face-to-face interviews. Physical activity was assessed using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) to measure walking distance, and Metabolic Equivalent (MET) was calculated based on the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) formula. Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined from anthropometric measurements of height and body weight. Saliva samples were collected to analyze Asprosin, BDNF, and GLP-1 hormone levels using the ELISA technique.Data were analyzed using number, percentage, mean, chi-square, t-test, Pearson correlation, and ANOVA tests. In all analyses, significance was accepted as p < 0.05. According to the demographic findings of the study, the majority of participants (64.2%) were third-year students, and 52.5% were female. The mean age of the participants was 22.01 years, the mean height was 168.59 cm, and the mean weight was 62.61 kg. 73.3% of the individuals were classified as normal weight, 12.5% as pre-obese, 11.7% as underweight, and 2.5% as obese. Men had significantly higher bigorexia and its subscale scores than women (p < 0.05), and bigorexia was positively correlated with height and negatively correlated with BMI (p < 0.01). Mean salivary BDNF levels were higher in participants consuming 1-2 meals per day (p = 0.035), and mean salivary asprosin levels were significantly higher in the obese group compared to the healthy group (p = 0.008). Additionally, a strong positive correlation was found between asprosin and GLP1 levels (r = 0.585; p < 0.01). Bigorexia status was significantly associated with meat, meat products, and fat consumption (p < 0.05), while no association was found with physical performance parameters such as 6MWT, speed, and MET (p > 0.05). The average MET value was found to be 4.53, indicating that participants generally engaged in moderate-intensity physical activity. In conclusion, examining endocrine (asprosin, GLP-1) and cerebral (BDNF) hormone responses, as well as nutritional and physical performance parameters, according to BGN levels reveals the impact of BGN on physiological and nutritional behaviors. Given the impact of BGN trends on students' health, examining hormone profiles and their relationships with physical performance and nutrition is believed to significantly contribute to understanding the health problems associated with BGN and developing appropriate interventions.
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    Preservice teachers' attitudes toward pedagogical humour: the role of physical activity, sociodemographic factors, and academic discipline
    (Springernature, 2025) Cakir, Zekai; Catikkas, Fatih; Turkmen, Mutlu; Sengonul, Abdullah; Yaman, Menzure Sibel; Oktem, Tuncay; Yel, Kader
    Background Humour in educational contexts is not merely an element of entertainment but a powerful pedagogical tool that reduces anxiety, enhances motivation, strengthens classroom climate, and facilitates learning. While affiliative and anxiety-reducing functions of humour foster social bonds, it is well documented that hostile or aggressive humour can undermine students' self-concept. For this reason, humour must be employed with careful consideration in pedagogical settings. Although recent research has increasingly examined the associations between humour, psychological resilience, cognitive flexibility, and social interaction, studies evaluating preservice teachers' humour attitudes concerning lifestyle factors (e.g., physical activity) and socio-demographic variables remain limited. The present study seeks to address this gap by situating the multidimensional nature of humour at the intersection of pedagogy, lifestyle, and cultural context. Methods The study, conducted within a cross-sectional survey design, included 766 preservice teachers (397 male, 369 female) enrolled at various universities in Turkey during the 2023-2024 academic year. Participants were classified as physically active or inactive based on WHO and ACSM criteria. The Attitude Scale Toward the Use of Humour in Education (ASTUHE) was employed as the data collection instrument. The scale consists of 17 items grouped into three subscales: PHNE (Perceiving Humour as Necessary in Education), ELI (Effect on Language and Instruction), and CCM (Contribution to Classroom Management). In Balta's (2016) original study, internal consistency was reported as alpha = 0.89, whereas in the present research, internal consistency was alpha = 0.887. For the analyses, independent-samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc tests (LSD, Tukey HSD, Bonferroni) were conducted, with effect sizes (Cohen's d, eta(2), eta p(2)) also reported. Results Preservice teachers generally evaluated humour as a positive element in education. Students who engaged in regular physical activity reported significantly higher attitude scores than their inactive peers (M = 3.51 vs. 2.86; p < .001, d = 0.62). Female students exhibited more favourable attitudes than males (p < .05, d = 0.61-0.98). Likewise, students involved in team sports demonstrated significantly higher scores than those engaged in individual sports (p < .001, d = 0.60-0.96). Differences were also observed across academic discipline, class level, family humour climate, income level, and place of upbringing (p < .05, eta p(2) = 0.015-0.027). In particular, students raised in urban centres evaluated the functions of humour in education more positively, likely due to their exposure to broader cultural and social stimuli. These findings underscore that humour is not merely a pedagogical skill but a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by lifestyle, social environment, and cultural factors. Conclusions Regarding contribution to the literature, the study illuminates the relationship between humour and lifestyle factors, while simultaneously revealing the multilayered structure of humour through the combined examination of diverse socio-demographic variables. Moreover, the positive (affiliative, supportive) and negative (sarcastic, aggressive) aspects of humour are contextualised and discussed in light of the literature. Although the cross-sectional design and reliance on self-report data limit causal inference, the findings suggest that preservice teachers' humour awareness and the availability of physical activity opportunities in university settings may enhance pedagogical skills and psychosocial resilience. Future longitudinal and experimental research could more clearly elucidate the causal mechanisms linking humour and lifestyle factors.