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    An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Investigation of the Bioactive Properties of Wild Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera
    (Springer, 2025) Kizil, Hamit Emre; Ulcay, Sibel; Ekincioglu, Yavuz; Ogutcu, Hatice; Agar, Guleray
    This investigation examined methanol extracts obtained from the whole plant (encompassing all organs except roots), flowers, and fruits of wild Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera, a liquorice cultivar indigenous to the Cappadocia region of T & uuml;rkiye, constituting the first comprehensive in vitro and in silico analysis of this species within the region. Anatomical identification revealed distinctive structural characteristics, including thick-walled epidermal cells in the stem, organized clusters of collenchyma cells, and well-defined sclerenchyma layers encompassing the vascular bundles. The petiole exhibited a characteristic heart-shaped morphology containing three vascular bundles, while foliar analysis demonstrated the presence of stomata on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces, accompanied by a bifacial mesophyll arrangement. The extracts demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as various fungal species. Furthermore, significant cytotoxic activity was observed against non-small cell lung cancer (H460), with the whole plant extract exhibiting IC50 values of 117.8 mu g/mL (24 h) and 105.6 mu g/mL (48 h). Flower extracts demonstrated IC50 values of 116.8 mu g/mL (24 h) and 112.7 mu g/mL (48 h), while fruit extracts displayed superior potency with IC50 values of 104.4 mu g/mL (24 h) and 63.09 mu g/mL (48 h). Molecular docking analyses, conducted utilizing AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 and BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer 4.5, revealed significant protein-ligand interactions, yielding optimal binding energy and inhibition constant values of -9.57 kcal/mol and 96.92 nM, respectively. The RMSD values were calculated based on structural variations between ligand-protein complexes during re-docking procedures. These findings underscore the substantial biological potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera from Cappadocia, necessitating further comprehensive investigation.
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    A comparative anatomical study on leaf and scape of Androsace taxa (Primulaceae): contribution to Androsace taxonomy
    (Springer-Verlag Italia Srl, 2023) Ulcay, Sibel; Sefali, Abdurahman; Yapar, Yakup; Demir, Ibrahim; Gidik, Betul
    In the present study, the leaf and scape anatomical features of ten Androsace taxa distributed in Turkiye were defined to contribute to plant identification. Hand sections from both the scape and leaf examined 43 anatomical characters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were performed for the first time for Androsace. The results show that there are differences as well as similarities between Androsace species. It is noteworthy that Androsace artvinensis forms a separate main group with HCA. In addition, the fact that two of the five basic components are represented by a single variable according to the PCA results suggests that the anatomical characters examined are determinative for Androsace taxa.). In PCA, eigenvalues of PC1 (2.435), PC2 (1.749), PC3 (1.369), PC4 (1.223), and PC5 (1.006) were greater than 1.0. Cortex width, aerenchyma, arrangement of vascular bundles, and four-branched non-glandular hairs are among the important anatomical characteristics of the scape. Leaf cross-sectional shape, epidermis dimensions, glandular hair types, presence of five branched non-glandular hairs, stoma sizes, presence of crystals in the mesophyll, and types are among the qualitative and quantitative anatomical characteristics that attract attention in the leaf. This study examined almost all taxa of the genus Androsace distributed in Turkiye. The results will be important in finding new species among the examined taxa and revealing the anatomical features of the taxa for the first time. They will contribute to other studies on the genus.