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Öğe Zero in arithmetic operations: A comparison of students with and without learning disabilities(Duzce University, Faculty of Education, 2022) Akdeniz, Dilşad Güven; Topbaş, Esra Selcen Yakıcı; Argün, ZiyaThe aim in the current study is to examine the conceptualizations of zero in arithmetic operations among students with learning disabilities (LD) and no learning disabilities (N-LD). The similarities and differences in the understandings of students with LD and N-LD of zero in arithmetical operations will be discussed. The study is a multiple case study with a qualitative research design. Six students, 3 students with LD and 3 with N-LD aged between 10 and 12 years participated in the study. The data were collected through clinical interviews. The data were analyzed by content analysis. Students‘ limited understanding of zero and operations affects their interpretation of arithmetic operations with zero. The conceptualizations of students with LD and N-LD regarding specifically division by zero show similarities with the exception of their use of the knowledge about operations. It has been observed that LD students have developed a different algorithm when it comes to addition and multiplication with zero. Through this study examining the differences in the understandings of students with LD and N-LD on a specific concept in terms of underlying conceptions, it is thought to provide an insight in terms of discovering LD and a more detailed recognition of these students' mathematics. © 2022, Duzce University, Faculty of Education. All rights reserved.Öğe Utilization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes in Food Packaging(CRC Press, 2024) Yildiz, Aysun Yurdunuseven; Öztekin, SebahatToday, the most preferred materials used in food packaging are non-degradable petroleum-based plastic polymer materials due to their high barrier and mechanical properties. These polymer materials are not sustainable due to limited petroleum resources. These non-biodegradable materials pose a serious problem for the environment and affect the entire ecosystem. In recent years, as an alternative to traditional materials for food packaging, the demand for the development of environmentally friendly packaging materials has increased in order to reduce and/or limit the negative impact on the environment. The increasing interest in environmental issues and human health has led to the investigation of possible matrices for bio-packaging in the field of food packaging. In this context, there is an increasing interest in the utilization of fruit and vegetable wastes such as peels, pips, seeds, and leaves. Fruit and vegetables are among the most widely consumed products worldwide, and their waste is the most abundant food waste. These wastes, which are released after fruit and vegetable processing and contain valuable components, can cause environmental pollution if not managed properly. The management of this large amount of waste is difficult, and it is usually either disposed of in water sources and open storage areas or used as feed or compost. However, these wastes have the potential to be used as raw materials for the development of value-added products. Due to their abundant availability and biodegradability, these wastes can solve the major problems associated with conventional plastics used for food packaging and improve sustainable development and life cycles. A more sustainable and greener world can be targeted with these biodegradable materials. This chapter focuses on the conversion of fruit and vegetable waste into environmentally friendly food packaging systems. The chapter emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of using fruit and vegetable waste as food packaging material and its potential applications. In this context, all mentioned aspects have been comprehensively reviewed, taking into account the literature reported in the last five years. Before processing fruit and vegetable wastes into packaging materials, some steps, such as extraction and purification, are necessary. Materials derived from these wastes have the potential to be used in food packaging with various advantages, such as non-toxicity, biodegradability, and abundant availability. However, there is also a great debate about the applications of these food packaging materials. Further research is needed to improve the barrier and mechanical properties of packaging materials derived from fruit and vegetable waste. Most bioplastics do not meet the basic requirements of food packaging in terms of barrier and mechanical properties, and various modifications are needed to improve their properties. Therefore, future studies should focus on the necessary research to improve the barrier and mechanical properties of materials derived from these wastes. Finally, the legal framework for the large-scale use of these biomaterials derived from fruit and vegetable wastes in food packaging is insufficient, and this may affect the commercialization and consumer acceptance of the products. © 2024 CRC Press.Öğe Which tourist type cares more about environmental sustainability? a quantitative research(IGI Global, 2024) Apak, Ömer CeyhunThis research aims to reveal the impact of tourist types (explorer, adventurer, organized mass, and drifter) on environmental sustainability. In addition, the primary objective of the research is to determine which type of tourist cares about environmental sustainability and at what level. The research was designed according to the relational screening model, one of the quantitative research approaches. The study sample consists of 491 domestic tourists who stayed in a hotel in Turkiye last year. Data were collected using tourist types and environmental sustainability scales. The study found a moderate and significant relationship between explorer, adventurer, organized mass, and drifter tourist types and environmental sustainability. Considering the relative importance levels of the variables used in the study within the scope of hierarchical regression analysis, it was determined that adventurer, explorer, drifter, and organized mass tourist types were significant predictors of environmental sustainability, respectively. ©2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Öğe Utilization of high pressure homogenization treated skim milk powders in edible film production: Characterization of film properties(TUBITAK, 2021) Mercan, Emin; Sert, DurmuşThe packaging of food plays an important role in the supply chain and packaging constitutes an important part of the final processing. Edible films and coatings are one of the emerging strategies for food quality optimization. Edible films and coatings have the potential to maintain quality, extend shelf life and contribute to the economic efficiency of packaging materials. In addition, due to health concerns of consumers, the demand for high quality products containing only natural ingredients has been increased. For this purpose, new packaging materials of natural origin have been developed and characterized. In this project, the effect of the addition of skim milk powder (SMP) produced by applying high-pressure homogenization (HPH) on physical and mechanical properties of edible films was investigated. For this purpose, SMP was produced by spray-drying from HPH-treated milk concentrate at 50 MPa. SMP was used at the rate of 1%, 2% and 3% in the production of gelatin-based edible films. Increasing SMP addition resulted in an increase in the density and brightness (L*) of the films compared to the control sample. The hydrophobicity of edible films increased with the addition of SMP. The elongation at break of the samples varied in the range of 245.40-295-28% and the addition of SMP at an increasing rate increased this value. The toughness values of edible films have been determined in the range of 2.86-3.75 MJ/m3. The lowest toughness value was determined in the sample containing 3% HPH-treated SMP and the highest value was determined in the control sample. The results showed that SMP can have positive effects on edible film production in terms of reducing the tensile strength values of the films, partially improving the breaking stress properties, providing a more elastic property and providing reasonable mechanical strength. © 2021, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.Öğe Usability of midyat stone wastes in soil stabilization(TUBITAK, 2020) Yilmaz, Fatih; Duman, VedatImproving the geotechnical properties of weak soils is described as soil stabilization. In this study, industrial wastes of Midyat stone were used to carry out soil stabilization. Midyat stone wastes, which are evaluated in the improvement of a low plasticity clay soil, were mixed with natural soil at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% additive percentages. In the light of the data obtained, the presence of a different binder was needed and lime was chosen as the primary binder. Index, strength and durability tests were carried out in mixtures containing 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% Midyat stone waste with and without lime. When the results of the experiments were examined, it was determined that the use of Midyat stone waste as an additive alone was ineffective on strength and durability values. In use with lime, 49% increase in strength has been determined compared to only lime sample. As a result of the study determined that the effect of Midyat stone wastes on freezing-thawing is very limited and more effective on wetting-drying, it was concluded that these wastes can be used for stabilization of low plasticity soils with lime. © 2020, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.Öğe The Relationship of financial development and export; the case of Turkey: A literature review(Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2020) Sayar, RamazanDuring the global financial crisis in 2008, the world trade experienced a large and severe collapse. Between 2008 and 2009, world exports and exports in Turkey decreased by 16% and 22%, respectively. The recent research has shown that the slowdown in global demand and tight financing conditions are the main factors behind this drop in exports. Auboin (2009) has stated that the 10%-15% decline in international trade after the global financial crisis may be due to the decline in commercial finance. In addition, the decline in commercial finance is particularly important for developing countries that have many sectors dependent on external financing. This study examines the reasons of the decline in exports in the world especially in Turkey during global financial crisis and assesses whether the financing constraints have contributed to this collapse.This study considered as a literature review consists of theoretical framework of the relationship between export and export financing. In order to show whether there is an effect of financing in international trade, firstly, research on the financial models is included in the classical models of international trade that show the dependence of international trading companies to financing. Secondly it has been utilized studies that analyzing of empirical evaluations of the effects of the external trade firms' dependence on external financing. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2020. All rights reserved.Öğe The scale of evaluating instruction in pandemic process: Development, validation, and reliability(Vytautas Magnus University, 2021) Tutal, Özgür; Kayalı, Bünyami; Yavuz, Mehmet; Hasançebi, Mehmet; Yeşildağ-Hasançebi, FundaAnnotation. The study aims to develop a scale for determining student views on distance instruction, hybrid instruction, and back-to-school process after the pandemic. The study data were obtained from 442 students. EFA and CFA were performed to determine the scale‘s construct validity. Moreover, to decide the data collection tool‘s reliability, item analysis was conducted and internal consistency coefficients were estimated. Based on the results obtained from the validity and reliability analysis of the scale, it can be said that the Scale of Evaluating Instruction in Pandemic Process (SEIPP) is valid and reliable. © 2021, Vilnius Pedagogical University. All rights reserved.Öğe Tracking the pre-service teachers’ development of communicative skills and their beliefs towards communicative approach(Duzce University, Faculty of Education, 2020) Kurnaz, Yıldıray; Özbay, Ali ŞükrüConcerns about the purpose of developing communicative skills in English teaching and approaches to overcome these concerns have always had an important place in language teaching. In this context, besides the fact that teachers? roles are important, their beliefs about the approach have a profound influence on their professional achievement. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to determine Turkish English as a Foreign Language (EFL) student teachers? beliefs about developing their communicative skills with the communicative approach in Turkish context. The data obtained through Pre-Service Teacher Beliefs Questionnaire, in which 445 participants took part, and focus group interviews with 28 participants at several times and places were analysed by quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods respectively. As a result of the analysis, it was found that EFL student teachers generally had positive attitudes towards improving communicative skills of their prospective students with communicative approach; however, it was difficult for this approach to work properly in Turkey and in Turkish education system due to various reasons. In addition, it was found that EFL student teachers' self-efficacy beliefs were correlated with their attitudes towards the approach, and that many sub-factors such as second language proficiency also had an influence on the attitudes. Lastly, these findings were found to be significantly different according to the departments (ELL, ELT) rather than age and gender. © 2020, Duzce University, Faculty of Education. All rights reserved.Öğe Ultrasonicate-assisted preparation of eumelanin-loaded nano/microparticles based on polylactide stereocomplex(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Putri, Oceu Dwi; Petchsuk, Atitsa; Bayram, Sinan; Opaprakasit, PakornThe utilization of ultrasonication in the preparation of polymeric nano/microparticles has attracted vast attention due to its simplicity with low cost and high energy efficiency. The occurrence of acoustic cavitation generated by the ultrasonication process can enhance droplet disintegration, allowing the improved stability of emulsions. In this study, eumelanin-loaded nano/microparticles were prepared by employing polylactide stereocomplex (sc-PLA) formed by blending of poly(D-lactide-caprolactone-D-lactide), P(DLA-b-CL-b-DLA), triblock copolymer with linear poly(L-lactide), PLLA. The particles were prepared through an oil in water emulsion (O/W) technique followed by a solvent evaporation. The effect of ultrasonication on the encapsulation efficiency and physicochemical properties of the nano/microparticles was evaluated. The results showed that ultrasonication treatment could control nano/microparticles' shape, size, and size distribution, which enhanced the particle stability and the entrapment efficiency of eumelanin. Particle size distribution of ultrasound-assisted nano/microparticles was in a range of 0.38–135 ?m, while those without ultrasonication had a broader distribution from 0.38–153 ?m. Higher zeta potential was also observed in the ultrasound-assisted nano/microparticles, reflecting their higher suspension stability. The ultrasonication treatment led to higher eumelanin encapsulation efficiency (46.6%) with higher thermal stability and crystallinity, promoted by the formation of higher contents of the stereocomplex crystallites. The results confirm that ultrasonicate-assisted emulsification can be effectively used to fabricate the functional eumelanin-loaded nano/microparticles. © 2022Öğe The Effects of Teacher Relationships on Student Academic Achievement: A Second Order Meta-Analysis(Ozgen Korkmaz, 2023) Göktaş, Erkan; Kaya, MetinThis study aims to determine the correlational effect sizes between teacher relationships and student academic achievement. Teacher relationships were categorized as intrapersonal and interpersonal relationship types. Intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships are directed at different individuals. Intrapersonal relations refer to the inner life and thoughts of a teacher which are effective on the way of teaching and human relations. Interpersonal relations refer to social links between a teacher and the other people of the school community. The method of the study is second order meta-analysis. In this method, effect sizes of the first order meta-analyses are combined to get an average effect size score. Totally, 17 eligible first order meta-analyses are included in the study. The findings indicate that the correlational effect size between a positive teacher intrapersonal relationship and student academic achievement is positively small, positive teacher student relationship and student academic achievement is positively medium, a positive teacher school community relationship and student academic achievement is positively at a very large level. Also, correlational effect size representing a negative teacher intrapersonal relationship and student academic achievement is negatively medium, a negative teacher student relationship and student academic achievement is negatively small. As for moderator analyses, the variance of the effect sizes is statistically significant according to the positive relationship types and the publication types. In light of the findings some suggestions were made to improve teacher and school community relations that may help teachers and students to be more successful. © 2023, Ozgen Korkmaz. All rights reserved.Öğe The relationship between political stability, fixed capital, employment, and economic growth: An analysis on MENA countries(Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2019) Boz, Fusun CelebiAs the growth theories before 1980 fell short in explaining the developmental differences in countries and could not provide a solution to the problems of underdeveloped countries, a necessity for new growth models emerged. In connection to the exogenous nature of technology, the perception that all countries can achieve economic growth depending on capital stock and employment volume was in time replaced by the effectiveness of institutional and social factors in this process, and it was seen that other factors rather than economic factors would be influential in terms of achieving economic growth. In the scope of institutional factors, the political regimes of countries were aimed to be analyzed, and accordingly, strong institutional structures were associated with democracy. Thus, it may be stated that, while democratic regimes are dominant in developed societies, antidemocratic regimes are encountered in developing societies. In this context, the type of the political regime is considered to be the main variable for economic growth. As the type of the political regime was inadequate in completely explaining economic growth, the concept of political stability started to be considered in the literature (Telatar, 2003:74-75). The concept of political stability is important in terms of determination of economic policies in a country for the long-term rather than the short-term and for rational decisions by managers in the private sector. Moreover, political instability may lead to property issues by bringing about weaknesses in the legal system. This situation may affect. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2019. All rights reserved.Öğe The opinions of mathematics teacher candidates who have received a STEM training on STEM and the activities they designed in the class(Athens Institute for Education and Research, 2021) Demir, Betül KüçükThis study has been conducted to investigate the opinions of mathematics teacher candidates on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) training and the activities designed by them. It has been carried out using the case study method, which is one of the qualitative research patterns. In this study, semi-structured interview forms and activity cards have been used to gather data. While semi-structured interview forms served to elicit teacher candidates’ opinions on STEM, activity cards were employed to ask them to design an activity in which they could put their training on STEM into practice. The study has been conducted with 34 senior mathematics education students and the data obtained have been analyzed using the content analysis method. It has been concluded that mathematics teacher candidates have positive views on STEM training. The activities designed by the candidate teachers can be categorized under four categories, which are interdisciplinary, the engineering field it is related to, the preferred method and the activities that are not suitable for STEM. Teacher candidates should be trained on how to integrate STEM education into their lessons. Stem activity examples should be presented to teacher candidates for applicability. © 2021, Athens Institute for Education and Research. All rights reserved.Öğe The relationship between attitudes toward the teaching profession, occupational resilience belief, and extra-role behavior: A moderated mediation model(Duzce University, Faculty of Education, 2021) Kara, Kürşad; Ada, KübraThis study aims to examine the direct and indirect relationships between pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward the teaching profession, their occupational resilience beliefs, and their tendency to engage in extra-role behaviors within the framework of structural equation modeling. A relational survey model was used to design this quantitative investigation. The sample comprises 430 pre-service teachers who enrolled at four different programs at a state university in Turkey. The study used the attitudes toward teaching profession scale, the occupational resilience beliefs scale for pre-service teachers, and the extra-role behaviors scale (teacher form) as data collection tools. The researchers created hypothesis models examining the mediating and moderated mediating role of the occupational resilience belief in the effect that attitudes toward the teaching profession have on extra-role behaviors and tested these models within the framework of structural equation modeling. As a result of the study, it was found that the relationship strength between the attitudes toward the teaching profession, the occupational resilience belief, and extra-role behaviors was moderate. The study determined that occupational resilience belief plays a mediating role in the effect of pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward the teaching profession on extra-role behaviors. According to the results of the moderated mediation analysis, the influence of this indirect effect on extra-role behaviors varies according to the type of program studied, even though it does not differ significantly according to the class level of the pre-service teachers. This indirect effect is provided at the best level for pre-service teachers in the mathematics education program. However, the study concluded that the indirect effect influence significantly weakened in the Turkish education program. © 2021, Duzce University, Faculty of Education. All rights reserved.Öğe The optimization of signal timings for signalized roundabouts using differential evolution algorithm(TUBITAK, 2021) Çakici, Ziya; Murat, Yetiş ŞaziMankind who express that “Time” is more valuable than “Cash” at every turn, spend a large part of their time in traffic in daily life. Higher levels of loss of time, fuel consumption, noise pollution, etc. which occur especially at intersections controlled with the signalization system can also bring along psychological, economic and environmental problems. Possible problems that can be encountered can only be minimized by the intersection management strategy which has a correct and strong mathematical background. In this study, in order to increase the performance of signalized roundabouts, a signal timing optimization model which aims to minimize average vehicle delay at signalized roundabout is created. In created model, signal timings for each phase sequences and cycle time are optimized using Differential Evolution Algorithm. In the scope of the study, the effectiveness of the model is tested on VISSIM simulation software by using real traffic data which are collected from Denizli Kelleci Kardesler Intersection for different time durations. As a result, it was determined that the average vehicle delay at Kelleci Kardesler Intersection may be reduced up to 45% by created model comparing to current situation. © 2021, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.Öğe The mediating role of time attitude in the relationship between self-esteem and resilience in high school students(Duzce University, Faculty of Education, 2023) Çelik, Eyüp; Süler, Melek; Söylemez, Aydın; Koçak, LokmanThe aim of this research was to investigate the mediating role of time attitudes in the relationship between self-esteem and resilience in high school students. High school students’ self-esteem, time attitude, and resilience have been researched comparatively. The research was carried out with a quantitative research design and survey method. Participants, who were selected using a convenience sampling method, were high school students. The 1,932 participants consisted of students in the following grade distribution: 793 ninth grade (248 male, 545 female); 365 tenth grade (78 male, 257 female); 350 eleventh grade (90 male, 260 female); and 434 twelfth grade (130 male, 324 female). Participants were selected from secondary education institutions in Sakarya and Kocaeli during COVID-19 from January to May 2021. Data were collected using tools such as the Two Factored Self-Esteem Scale, Adolescent Time Attitude Scale, and Ego Resilience Scale. The data was analyzed with correlation analysis and regression-based mediation analysis to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, time attitude and resilience. The SPSS 22 package program was used to analyze the data. After analyzing the data, it has been concluded that the time attitude in adolescents indeed has a mediating role in the relationship between self-esteem and resilience. The results of the research will make important contributions to the related literature. © 2023, Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia. All rights reserved.Öğe The Importance of Foreign Direct Investments in Turkey’s Export: A New Strategy for Low and Medium Tech Firms(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Adalı, Zafer; Bilgin, TubaThis research investigates the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and export operated by low-, medium low-, and medium high-tech firms in Turkey. For this purpose, a hidden cointegration approach developed by Hatemi and Iraoundaoust Hidden cointegration is conducted on data covering the period between 2006:Q1 and 2018:Q3. According to Hatemi and Irandoust (Asymmetric interaction between government spending and terms of trade volatility. Journal of Economic Studies 39(3):368–378, 2012), hidden cointegration, there is no long-run relationship between the cumulative positive shocks of Low Tech Export (LTX) and cumulative positive shocks of FDI; the same existence is obtained for the cumulative negative shock between the variables. The outcomes identify that LTX and FDI respond to shocks differently in Turkey. Moreover, the same results were found for Medium Low-Tech Export (MLTE) and FDI. In another saying, a positive and negative shock in MLTX does not proceed with positive and negative shocks in FDI. Nonetheless, a long-run relationship between Medium High-Tech Export (MHTE) and FDI concerning both the positive and negative cumulative shocks is also found. A positive shock in MHTX is associated with the influence of positive in FDI. Furthermore, a negative shock in MHTX is also linked to the impacts of negative in FDI. Thus, it is recommended that Companies and governments manage cooperatively with foreign investors, sustain and create locational advantages, and implement policies that lower costs because low and medium low-tech export plays a ruling role in export performance. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe The effect of sustainable development on economics complexity in oecd countries(Hipatia Editorial, 2021) Yaprakli, Sevda; Özden, ErdemalpEconomic complexity showing a holistic measure of countries' economic productive power and characteristics has become a new tool for understanding the dynamics of the economy. Examining the relationship between sustainable development and this new tool is vital in determining new policies. By applying panel data of OECD countries covering different development levels from 1996 to 2017 to a data-driven dynamic econometric model, the research provides fresh insight between sustainable development and economic complexity. The results indicate that economic complexity is significantly affected by sustainable developments’ economic indicators such as GDP, FDI, R&D expenditure, social indicators such as human development, income inequality, and environmental indicators such as production-based CO2 emissions, renewable energy consumption, and greenhouse gas. The research, consequently, suggests that switching to technology and knowledge-based production processes, expanding qualified production factor capacity, raising social living standards, and making investments in the green economy will foster economic complexity while ensuring stable sustainability. © 2021, Hipatia Editorial. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of heart failure on gut microbial richness and diversity(Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, 2023) Kilic, Oguz; Kaya, Halil Ibrahim; Secme, Mucahit; Kilinc, Mehmet; Sevgican, Cihan Ilyas; Buber, Ipek; Dodurga, YavuzIntroduction and objective: With recent advances in genome sequencing technology, a large body of evidence has accumulated over the last few years linking alterations in microbiota with cardiovascular disease. In this study, we aimed to compare gut microbial composition using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing techniques in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and stable heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction and patients with CAD but with normal ejection fraction. We also studied the relationship between systemic inflammatory markers and microbial richness and diversity. Methods: A total of 40 patients (19 with HF and CAD, 21 with CAD but without HF) were included in the study. HF was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction <40%. Only stable ambulatory patients were included in the study. Gut microbiota were assessed from the participants’ fecal samples. The diversity and richness of microbial populations in each sample were assessed by the Chao1-estimated OTU number and the Shannon index. Results: The Chao1-estimated OTU number and Shannon index were similar between HF and control groups. There was no statistically significant relationship between inflammatory marker levels (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1-beta, endotoxin, C-reactive protein, galectin-3, interleukin 6, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) and microbial richness and diversity when analyzed at the phylum level. Conclusion: In the current study, compared to patients with CAD but without HF, stable HF patients with CAD did not show changes in gut microbial richness and diversity. At the genus level Enterococcus sp. was more commonly identified in HF patients, in addition to certain changes in species levels, including increased Lactobacillus letivazi. © 2023Öğe The effect of pH on removal of phosphate from water using aluminum electrodes by electrocoagulation method(TUBITAK, 2021) İrdemez, Şahset; Bingül, Züleyha; Kul, Sinan; Ekmekyapar Torun, Fatma; Demircioğlu, NuhiIn this study, the effect of wastewater pH on phosphate removal by electrocoagulation method using aluminum plate electrodes was investigated. For this purpose, experiments were carried out at initial pH values ranging from 3-10, and the effect of the initial pH of the wastewater on phosphate removal efficiency, energy consumption and reaction rate was analyzed. From the results obtained, it was determined that the initial pHs of the optimum wastewater was 3 and 4. Because at low pH, both phosphate removal efficiency is high and the energy consumption of the system is low. While 97% removal efficiency is reached in 20 minutes at pHi=3, it increases in this period with the increase of the wastewater initial pH. These data show that the removal rate is higher at lower initial pHs. While the 1st degree reaction rate constant at pHi=3 is k1=0.2154 min-1, this value decreases to k1=0.071 min-1 at pHi=10. At pHi=3, the energy consumption of the system has been determined as 0.553 kWh m-3 in 12 minutes of contact time. In addition, in the measurements made during the trials, it was observed that the highest PO4-P removal occurred during the period when the pH of the system was between 5-7. © 2021, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF STRATEGY TRAINING ON THE USE OF GLOBAL READING STRATEGIES: IMPLICATIONS FROM THINK-ALOUD AND EYE-TRACKING DATA(Anadolu Universitesi, 2023) Bilici, Ozlem Utku; Subasi, Gonca; Dolgunsoz, EmrahConsidering the critical role of readings strategies in L2 reading this study aimed to investigate the impact of strategy training on Turkish EFL learners’ use of global reading strategies. 23 freshmen, enrolled in the ELT Department, participated in the study, and the data were collected through eye tracking and think-aloud protocols. The results are encouraging for the use of reciprocal teaching, one of the comprehension-enhancing approaches to teach reading, in the EFL contexts. Eye tracking results, hand in hand with the think-aloud protocols’ findings, revealed that the participants utilised global reading strategies more frequently to a statistically significant degree after the strategy instruction. Thus, it was concluded that strategy training was useful for the participants to improve their use of global reading strategies, and a recent technological tool can be purposefully integrated into the data collection procedure of educational research studies. Pedagogical implications on the strategy training for the employment of global reading strategies that would help students improve reading skills need to be given attention by teachers. © (2023), All Rights Reserved.
