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    The effect of apple cider vinegar and mushroom stalk supplementation on laying hens
    (Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2018) Karaalp M.; Aksakal V.; Sarikaya S.B.O.; Urusan H.; Bayram B.; Zulkadir A.
    The aim of this trial was to study the effects of consuming water with apple cider vinegar (ACV) and feed including mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) stalk (MS) on performance and certain egg characteristics. The hens were separated into four treatment groups (with 4 replicates and 6 hens per replicate). The experimental groups were control (not consumed ACV and MS), ACV (3 ml/l drinking water), MS (20 g/kg feed) and ACV+MS (combination). At the end of the experiment, among the performance criteria tested, body weight, feed intake, egg production and weight of eggs, and feed efficiency were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). Treatments had no effect on physical external and internal egg characteristics. The amount of yolk malondialdehyde of the ACV and MS groups was lower than the control group (P<0.05) in stored eggs (28 d) (P<0.05). © 2018, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
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    The effects of dystocia and stillbirth on subsequent lactation performance in holstein dairy cows
    (Ataturk Universitesi, 2016) Bayram B.; Topal M.; Aksakal V.
    In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of difficult birth and stillbirth on following lactation performance in Holstein cows. For this purpose, were used the birth and milk production data of 591 births of 326 Holstein cows in 2005-2006 in a cattle farm in Kelkit, Gümüşhane. In study, in addition to the effects of difficult birth and stillbirth, the effects of other parameters such as calving year, calving season, birth sequence and birth type on 305 days milk performance and the number of milking days were also investigated. Difficult birth and stillbirth rate were 8.7% and 9.1% in Holstein cows, respectively. 305 days milk performance (608.6 kg) and the number milking days (23.1 days) of cows with difficult birth were significantly lower than those of cows with normal birth. 305 days milk performance and the number milking days of cows with stillbirth were 925.7 kg and 26.5 days, respectively, less than those of cows giving live birth (P<0.01). In conclusion, difficult birth and stillbirth, which are significant causes of economic losses including primarily milk and calf losses, constitutes some threat to animal welfare. These effects can be minimized with an effective herd management.
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    Prevalence and comparing of some microbiological properties, somatic cell count and antibiotic residue of organic and conventional raw milk produced in Turkey
    (Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources, 2017) Ürkek B.; Şengül M.; Erkaya T.; Aksakal V.
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of production systems and milk collection periods on the somatic cell count (SCC), some microbiological properties, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliform, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), yeast and mould) and antibiotic residue of milk; in Turkey. Milk samples were collected from 9 conventional farms and 9 organic farms during one year time, at six different months (December 2013 to October 2014), and all farms were selected from the same geographical locations. All organically managed farms had organic production certificates given by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. The count of TAMB, coliform, and coagulase positive S. aureus were affected by production systems at the level of p<0.01; yeast and mold, and somatic cell count (SCC) were affected at the level of p<0.05. But, differences according to months were statistically significant only on TAMB (p<0.01) and coliform (p<0.05) counts. The general means of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould counts of the organic milk (OM) were significantly lower (p<0.05), while the general means of SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus count of the OM was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to conventional milk (CM). Antibiotic residue was determined in one of the CM sample and in two of the OM samples. Our study is the first research that compared conventional and organic milk in Turkey. This study indicated that the microbiological quality of OM was the higher in terms of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould, whereas was the lower in relation to SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus counts. But, the quality of both milk types should be improved. © Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources.