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    Drewno. Prace naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty Wood. Research papers. Reports. Announcements
    (Lukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Inst Technology, 2026) Akter, Mete; Ulay, Goksel; Peker, Huseyin; Cakicier, Nevzat; Atilgan, Abdi; Ayata, Umit
    Pendulum hardness test is important for determining the mechanical durability and long-term performance of the film layer formed on the surface of wood thermally treated at high temperatures and coated with water-based varnish (WBV). In this study, the effect of artificial weathering conditions on the pendulum hardness (K & ouml;nig method) of ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood samples varnished with polyurethane modified WBV was investigated. The samples were thermally treated under two conditions (190 degrees C for 1.5 h and 212 degrees C for 2 h) and compared with untreated control samples. The samples were exposed to artificial weathering conditions (for periods of 0, 168, 336 and 504 h). Pendulum hardness values were measured at the end of each weathering period. According to the results, increases in hardness values were observed in both heat-treated and untreated ash wood samples treated with varnish after weathering. In the varnished samples treated at 212 degrees C for 2 h, the post-weathering hardness increases were lower compared to the samples treated at 190 degrees C for 1.5 hand the control group. Additionally, analysis of variance for the pendulum hardness test, heat treatment, weathering time and their interaction were determined to be statistically significant. The significant increases in hardness values observed in the unweathered samples highlight the importance of the wood, varnish, and weathering process.
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    The Effect of Weathering on Color and Glossiness Properties of Polyurethane-Modified Water-Based Varnish Layers Applied to Thermally Treated Ash Wood
    (North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2025) Ulay, Goksel; Akter, Mete; Cakicier, Nevzat; Peker, Huseyin; Ayata, Umit; Atilgan, Abdi; Ciftci, Seymen
    The effects of artificial weathering (168, 336, and 504 h) on the glossiness values and color parameters of varnished, polyurethane-modified ash wood were investigated. Samples included control samples without treatment and thermally treated samples under two different conditions (190 degrees C for 1.5 h and 212 degrees C for 2 h), all coated with a polyurethane-modified water-based varnish. In non-thermally treated and varnished samples, decreases in L* values were observed after weathering, while increases were noted in h(o), C*, b*, and glossiness at 60 degrees in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the fibers. After weathering, for samples thermally treated at 190 degrees C for 1.5 h and varnished, increases were observed in glossiness values at 20 degrees and 60 degrees in both directions, as well as in L*, b*, and h(o) values. Conversely, decreases were noted in a* and C* values. In samples thermally treated at 212 degrees C for 2 h and varnished, increases in a*, L*, h(o), b*, and C* values were detected after weathering, whereas decreases were observed in glossiness at all angles (20 degrees and 60 degrees) in both directions. The triangle E* values showed a decreasing trend in non-thermally treated varnished samples after weathering, while an increase was observed in samples thermally treated at 212 degrees C for 2 h and varnished.
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    Weathering effects on pendulum hardness, and pull-off adhesion testing of water-based varnish on thermally treated iroko wood
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2026) Ulay, Goksel; Akter, Mete; Cakicier, Nevzat; Ayata, Umit
    This study evaluated the effects of different weathering durations (168, 336, and 504 h) on surface hardness and adhesion strength of both heat-treated (1.5 h at 190 degrees C and 2 h at 212 degrees C) and untreated iroko (Chlorophora excelsa) wood surfaces after application of water-based varnish (WBV). Pendulum hardness (s) and pull-off adhesion (MPa) tests were performed after weathering. According to the results, in the untreated control group, hardness increased from 30 s to 45 s after 504 h of weathering, showing a 48% increase. In the samples treated at 190 degrees C, hardness increased from 25 s to 41 s after 504 h, showing a 61% increase. The highest increase was observed in the samples treated at 212 degrees C. Here, the hardness increased from 23 s to 44 s, representing a 91% increase after 504 h of weathering. The highest initial surface adhesion strength (5.30 MPa) was obtained in the unheated samples; however, this value decreased significantly after weathering. Although the initial adhesion strength was lower in the heat-treated samples, those treated at 212 degrees C for 2 h exhibited more stable weathering performance. The results show that the acceleration of weathering and the application of heat significantly affect the effectiveness of the varnish coating.