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Öğe Comparative evaluation of different drying techniques for beef meat(Wiley, 2023) Kamiloglu, Aybike; Elbir, Tugba; Dolek, Muzaffer; Esrefoglu, Emine SedanurThe study aimed to evaluate the influence of different drying techniques (Convective and microwave drying) on beef meat's drying kinetics and color parameters. While drying rates with convective drying vary between .005 and .009 g water/g dry mat -ter, it varies between .014 and .166 g water/g dry matter for microwave drying. Among the model proposed, for the conditions applied in the microwave and convec-tive drying methods, the Midilli model gave a better fit. The Arrhenius-type equation calculated the activation energies of beef samples. Activation energies were 64.15 and 449.86 kJ/mol for convective and microwave drying, respectively. According to measured L*, a*, and b* values and calculated ?E, C*, and h degrees values, convective drying at 80 degrees C provided the closest color characteristics to fresh meat.Öğe Effect of Different Roasting Methods on Some Properties of Walnut Kernels(2022) Kantar, Naciye Kutlu; Elbir, Tugba; Yılmaz, Özlem; Kamiloğlu, AybikeIn this study, the effects of oven roasting and microwave roasting on some properties of walnut kernels were determined. Roasting methods at different oven temperatures (70, 100, and 130 ºC for one hour) and at different microwave powers (240, 535 and 830 W for 5 min) were applied to samples. Moisture ratio values, total phenolic compound, antioxidant activity, and oil yield of the roasted and unroasted products were discussed. The highest oil yield was determined in the high temperature oven roasting but the microwave roasting mostly increased the oil yield of the product. Microwave roasting was found to be more suitable for decreasing moisture content. The lowest antioxidant activity was detected with microwave roasting. It was determined that the effect on the amount of phenolic substance in the two methods was indifferent.Öğe Effect of tarragon addition on volatile compound profile and some quality paramaters of sucuk(Pamukkale Univ, 2021) Kamiloglu, Aybike; Elbir, Tugba; Topcu, Kubra CinarThe goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of tarragon and ripening period on certain quality parameters and the volatile profile of sucuk (Turkish dry fermented sausage). Tarragon was used in sucuk samples at three distinct levels (0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75%), and tarragon-free samples were used as control. Analyses were performed on the 0., 3., 5., 7., 9. and 13. days of ripening time. Although the presence of tarragon did not affect L* and b* values, the pH, a* (P<0.01), aw (P<0.05), and TBARS values of the sucuk samples were statistically affected. Tarragon demonstrated antioxidant activity in sucuk in accordance with 90 % +/- 0.3 DPPH scavenging activity. When the volatile profile was evaluated, the key component affected by the addition of tarragon was determined as Anisole, p-allyl-. As a result, while an antioxidative effect was detected during ripening in the presence of tarragon in sausage, undesirable changes were not observed on some quality characteristics such as pH and a(w).Öğe Etlerde Ozmotik Dehidrasyon Uygulamaları(2021) Kamiloğlu, Aybike; Kantar, Naciye Kutlu; Elbir, TugbaOzmotik dehidrasyon, gıda ürünlerinde suyun uzaklaştırılması, aynı zamanda çeşitli çözünen maddelerin (tuz, şeker vb.) emilimi için uygulanan ve termal olmayan, kısmi kurutma işlemidir. Ozmotik dehidrasyon işleminde, daha düşük su aktivitesine sahip bir son ürün elde etmek için, gıda materyali yüksek konsantrasyonda bir çözeltiye daldırılmaktadır. Fakat bu yöntem ile çok düşük su aktivitesine sahip son ürünler elde edilemediğinden, ön işlem olarak uygulanmaktadır. Kurutma öncesi uygulanan ozmotik dehidrasyon işlemi ile üründeki su kaybı daha kısa sürede gerçekleşmektedir. Ozmotik dehidrasyonda gerçekleşen kütle transferi mekanizması ve son ürünün kalitesi üzerinde en etkili faktörlere, ozmotik ajan çeşidi, konsantrasyonu, işlem sıcaklığı, süresi ve örnek/çözelti oranı örnek verilebilmektedir. Ozmotik dehidrasyonda kullanılan düşük işlem sıcaklığı, gıda ürünlerindeki renk-aroma kaybı ve oluşabilecek enzimatik reaksiyonları engellemekte; ürünlerin fonksiyonel, besinsel ve duyusal özelliklerine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca oldukça ekonomik bir işlem olması ve insan sağlığı açısından herhangi bir olumsuzluk teşkil etmemesi de yöntemi avantajlı hale getirmektedir. Bu derlemede, ozmotik dehidrasyon prosesinin, etlerin işlenmesinde bir ön işlem olarak kullanımının, ürünün kalite karakteristikleri üzerine etkilerine yer verilmiştir. Çeşitli etlerde (tavuk, domuz, sığır, kuzu, deve kuşu eti ve çok çeşitli su ürünleri) kullanılan ozmotik dehidrasyonun, ürünlerin renk ve duyusal özellikleri ile raf ömrü gibi birçok kalite parametresini geliştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Belirli ozmotik ajanlar kullanımı ile daha iyi tektürel özelliklere sahip kurutulmuş etler elde edilmiştir. Etlerin etkin kurutulmasında, ozmotik dehidrasyon işleminin ultrases veya yüksek basınç gibi uygulamalarla birlikte kullanımı da önerilmektedir. Ayrıca konvektif kurutma öncesinde kullanılan ozmotik dehidrasyon işleminin, etin kuruma süresini önemli derecede azalttığı da belirlenmiştir.Öğe Optimization of Ultrasound Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) Using Box-Behnken Design(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Kutlu, Naciye; Kamiloglu, Aybike; Elbir, TugbaIn this study, ultrasound extraction of bioactive compounds from tarragon was examined as a sustainable technology. Pure water, which is a green solvent, was used as solvent. Box-Behnken was used in the experimental design, and ultrasonic power, extraction time and solvent-to-sample ratio were determined to be independent variables. The physicochemical properties were determined by physical (color, pH, Brix) and chemical analyses (antioxidant activity, total flavonoid and total phenolic compound (TPC)) in the extracts obtained under different conditions. Optimum conditions were found to be 73.9% ultrasonic power, 43.2 min sonication time and 10 mL/g solvent-to-sample ratio. The composite desirability (R-2) of optimum conditions was 99.3% after optimization. Since high efficiency was obtained in a short time with ultrasound extraction, it was found to be quite good in terms of energy savings. That is, the highest TPC was obtained with a sonication time of 45 min with this method, while similar TPC in the control group (maceration) was obtained in 24 h. In the optimum conditions, extraction with other green solvents (ethanol and deep eutectic solvent-DES) was carried out and bioactive compound yields were compared. For different solvents compared under optimum conditions, ethanol gave higher yields in terms of TPC, while higher yields were obtained in samples using water as solvent for some antioxidant activity values. The results obtained with DES were not as high as expected, and this resulted in the conclusion that a hydrogen bond donor is not suitable for obtaining bioactive compounds from tarragon.
