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Öğe Development of Teacher Academic Optimism Scale: The Validity and Reliability Study(2018) Ergen, Yusuf; Elma, CevatThe study aims to develop a valid and reliable academic optimism scale that can beused to determine teachers’ academic optimism levels. The study was conductedthrough a total number of 404 primary school teachers who worked in the centraldistricts of Malatya Province during 2014-2015 academic year. The content validity andface validity of the scale were determined via expert recommendations. Anexplanatory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were conducted todetermine the construct validity of the scale. After the expert opinions, 80 itemsreduced to 64 and the data was collected by the use of these 64 items. An exploratoryfactor analysis revealed 5 factors reducing 64 items in to 33 and explaining 58.56% ofthe total variation in the data. The five-factor model obtained through an explanatoryfactor analysis after removal of one item as a result of the confirmatory factor analysiswas observed to be highly consistent. Different from previous related research, theresult showed that a new dimension as “Maneger Trust” emerged as a part of“Teacher Academic Optimism Scale”. And finally this scale could be used as a valid andreliable instrument in the future studies.Öğe The Investigation of Instructional Leadership Attitudes of Primary School Headmasters in Terms of Teacher Perception(2013) Ergen, YusufThe purpose of this research is to determine levels of acting sub-dimensions and general extent of instructional leadership attitudes of primary school headmasters to perceptions of teachers. The sample of research was consisted of totally 410 primary school teachers who were in the townships of Manisa province such as Center township, Akhisar, Kırkağaç and Gördes. The sample was chosen randomly in the Manisa. The research’s data was analyzed by means of SSPS.15. The simple statistical methods such as arithmetic average and standard deviation was used in study.According to the research, primary school headmasters act “mission definition of school attitudes”, “training programmed and instruction direction attitudes”, “learning climate development attitudes” and “general instructional leadership attitudes” in “generally” level