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Öğe Adipokine, gut and thyroid hormone responses to probiotic application in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) exposed to heat stress(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2021) Bayraktar, Bulent; Tekce, Emre; Kaya, Hacer; Gurbuz, Ahmet Burak; Dirican, Ebubekir; Korkmaz, Serol; Atalay, BanuThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri E81 (LRE) probiotic supplementation on heat stress responses in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). The birds were divided into two groups, one of which was exposed to heat stress (HS). Within each group, four subgroups, each including 64 birds, were created for the three treatment doses (200, 400 or 600 mg/kg) of LRE and the control. The experiment was started with day-old birds, kept at a temperature of 25 degrees C or 37 degrees C. After a 7-day adjustment period, the LRE supplementation lasted for 35 days. The levels of different adipokines, including visfatin (VF), adiponectin (ADP), chemerin (CHEM), as well as the concentration of plasma citrulline (CIT) and the levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood were measured at 21 and 42 days of age. A significant correlation (P < 0.01) was found between LRE supplementation and the decrease in serum VF, ADP, CIT, T3 and T4 levels in partridges exposed to HS. On the other hand, no significant relationship was found between LRE supplementation and the serum CHEM and TSH levels (P > 0.05). We concluded that the addition of 600 mg/kg LRE is beneficial in preventing intestinal damage and inflammation provoked by HS.Öğe Assessment of Nucleic Acid Extraction Kits for SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in Wastewater Samples(2025) Sait, Ahmet; Korkmaz, Serol; Parmaksız, Ayşe; Bayraktar, Bülent; Aslan, İsmailObjective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of three commercial nucleic acid extraction kits (kit A, B and C) in isolating SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA from wastewater samples. Method: In this study, water samples were collected in March 2021 from three wastewater treatment plants located in different parts of Istanbul, and it was confirmed that they were negative for SARS-CoV-2. Different concentrations of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, previously inactivated at the BSL-3 laboratory of the Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, were added to the wastewater samples. RNA extraction and quantification were performed using commercial nucleic acid extraction kits and and RT-qPCR kit specific to SARS-CoV-2. Results: At the end of the study, it was determined that kit C yielded the highest total RNA and produced more consistent results, significantly outperforming the other two kits in terms of RNA yield and purity. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in RNA concentrations (p < 0.05) and gene copy numbers (p < 0.01) between the kits, and kit C demonstrated superior linearity and reproducibility. Conclusion: According to the findings, although all three evaluated kits are suitable for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater samples, kit C provides the most efficient and reliable performance, especially for high-throughput studies. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate nucleic acid extraction methods for wastewater surveillance, which serves as an early warning system for outbreaks that threaten public health.Öğe Investigation of the recovery efficiency of CeUF method through RT-qPCR quantification of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater(Elsevier Science Inc, 2022) Sait, Ahmet; Korkmaz, Serol; Parmaksiz, Ayse; Bayraktar, BulentWastewater-based disease monitoring is an early warning system and a surveillance tool for infectious disease outbreaks regarding pathogens with pandemic potential. This study aimed at investigating the recovery efficiency of centrifugal ultrafiltration (CeUF), which is one of the most-used virus concentration methods, for inactive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) added to wastewater. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 was inoculated into untreated wastewater at different concentrations (4 x 10(3), 8 x 10(3), 16 x 10(3), 24 x 10(3) and 32 x 10(3) gene copy/mu L) and concentrated through ultrafiltration with a disposable centrifugal filter device. Total nucleic acids in concentrated filtrates were extracted and isolated by an automated system. In isolates, total RNA was measured by a UV/VIS spectrophotometer, and the recovered virus was quantified by RT-qPCR with two gene regions (N1 and N2). The recovery rates were between 11% and 17.8% (mean 15.1%, CV below 15%). While there were positive correlations among the inoculated virus, total RNA and recovered virus, there was no correlation and linearity between the recovery rates. Despite limited recovery rates, CeUF integrated with RT-qPCR quantification can be a valid assay for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, and an early warning system.Öğe Sığır Lösemi Virüsü ile Enfekte Sığırlarda Telomer Uzunluğu ile Fizyolojik Parametreler Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi(2026) Ince, Omer Baris; Bayraktar, Bülent; Tezcan, Erdem; Korkmaz, Serol; Sait, AhmetÇalışmanın amacı, sığır lökozis virüsü ile enfekte sığırlarda göreceli telomer uzunlukları ile çeşitli fizyolojik parametreler arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak ve Türkiye'deki süt sığırlarında sığır lökozis virüsü enfeksiyonu ile ilişkili risk faktörlerini belirlemektir. Risk değerlendirmesi için yaş, doğum sayısı ve vücut kondisyon skoru olmak üzere üç değişken kullanılmıştır. Sığır lökozis virüsüne özgü antikorlar enzim bağlı immünosorbent testi kullanılarak tespit edilmiş ve göreceli telomer uzunlukları polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile ölçülmüştür. En yüksek seropozitiflik oranı (%39,13), vücut kondisyon skoru 3-3,5 olan ve 2-8 yaş arasındaki sığırlarda gözlenmiştir. Göreceli telomer uzunluğunun seropozitiflik, ileri yaş ve doğum sayısı ile pozitif korelasyonlu olduğu, seropozitiflik ile vücut kondisyon skoru arasında ise negatif korelasyon olduğu bulunmuştur. Sığır lökozis virüsü ile enfekte sığırlardaki göreceli telomer uzunlukları, enfekte olmayan sığırlara kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha kısa (P < 0,05) bulundu. Vücut kondisyon skoru grupları arasında en kısa göreceli telomer uzunlukları, vücut kondisyon skoru ? 2,5 olan sığır lökozis virüsü ile enfekte sığırlarda ve vücut kondisyon skoru 3-3,5 olan enfekte olmayan sığırlarda bulundu. Yaş gruplarına gelince, en kısa göreceli telomer uzunlukları, 8 yaşından büyük sığır lökozis virüsü ile enfekte sığırlarda (P < 0,05) ve aynı yaş grubundaki enfekte olmayan sığırlarda (P < 0,05) gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, sığır lökozis virüsü ile enfekte sığırlardaki göreceli telomer uzunluklarının, enfekte olmayan sığırlara kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha kısa olduğu bulundu (P < 0,05). En kısa göreceli telomer uzunlukları hem sığır lökozis virüsüyle enfekte olmuş hem de enfekte olmamış 8 yaş üstü sığırlarda kaydedildi (P < 0,05). Son olarak, sığır lökozis virüsü enfeksiyonu ile göreceli telomer uzunlukları arasındaki ilişki, yaş, doğum sayısı ve vücut kondisyon skoru gibi diğer faktörlerle birlikte, hastalık kontrolü ve önleme programları için yararlı olabileceği kanısına varıldı.Öğe Virucidal and antiviral activities of maca (Lepidium meyenii) root powder on three pathways of Norovirus as a foodborne pathogen(Univ Nacional Mayor San Marcos, 2026) Korkmaz, Irem Omurtag; Korkmaz, Serol; Parmasiz, Ayse; Mavili, Seda; Bayraktar, Bulent; Sait, Ahmet; Keles, Aysen GargiliVitamin C equivalency, the cytotoxicity on murine macrophage cells, and the virucidal and antiviral activities of maca (Lepidium meyenii) powder on murine norovirus (MNV) as a norovirus surrogate for human as a foodborne pathogen were studied. The antioxidant capacity of the maca was determined by MTT assay as vitamin C equivalency (VCEAC). The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was calculated with the linearity of maca concentrations-cell viability. The activities of maca against the virus was determined as the 50% tissue culture infective dose with Spearman-Karber method. The VCEAC of maca linearly increased with the concentration. The non-cytotoxic concentrations of maca were measured on murine macrophage with a CC50 of 5.77 mg/mL and a CC80 of 1.28 mg/mL. As maca reduced the virus titration based on contact time in the virucidal assay in several conditions, it did not significantly inhibit MNV on three infectivity pathways of host cell at non-cytotoxic concentrations of maca. The result of this first study presented that despite its ineffective in the treatment and prophylaxis of norovirus infection, maca might be an alternative food additive and preservative against human norovirus as an important foodborne pathogen causing outbreaks worldwide.
