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    Attitudes of physical education teachers in inclusive schools towards teaching autistic students: a phenomenological study
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Ogur, Yekta Goksel; Yarimkaya, Erkan; Aydemir, Ugur; Kul, Murat
    With the increasing presence of autistic students in inclusive schools, understanding the attitudes of physical education (PE) teachers towards teaching these students has become important. The current study aimed to examine the attitudes of PE teachers in inclusive schools towards teaching autistic students using the theory of planned behavior. The participants of this phenomenological-qualitative study were 16 PE teachers who participated in one-on-one semi-structured telephone interviews. The interviews were transcribed for analysis and later analyzed using thematic line-by-line analysis. The findings revealed that the majority of PE teachers in inclusive schools had negative attitudes towards teaching autistic students. Barriers and challenges during teaching autistic students were more dominant for PE teachers than facilitators. The results highlighted the importance of addressing the barriers and challenges that limit the quality of PE teachers' teaching experiences with autistic students as a way to improve PE teachers' attitudes and indicated the need to establish an adapted PE teacher definition, especially in countries such as T & uuml;rkiye.
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    BADMİNTON ANTRENÖRLERİNİN LİDERLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ İLE ÇALIŞAN PERFORMANSI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
    (Uluslararası Bilim Kültür ve Spor Derneği (UBİKS), 2025) Kul, Murat; Zeze, Bahar
    Araştırmanın temel amacı; badminton antrenörlerinin liderlik özellikleri ile çalışan performansı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini Badminton antrenörleri oluşturmuşken, örneklem grubunu kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 166 antrenör oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak; "Kişisel Bilgi Formu", "Spor İçin Liderlik Ölçeği" ve "Çalışan Performansı Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizine göre gruplar arasındaki farkları belirlemek için ilişkisiz örneklemler Independent Samples T-Testi ve tek faktörlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) testi yapıldı. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için Pearson Korelasyon analizi testi yapıldı. Yapılan analizler neticesinde cinsiyet ve eğitim durumu değişkeninde istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık görülmemiştir. Mesleki görev süreleri ve antrenörlük kademesi değişkeninde anlamlı fark olduğu görülmüştür. Yaş değişkeni ile "Bağlamsal" alt boyutlar arasında düşük düzeyde negatif korelasyonların olduğu belirlendi. "Spor için liderlik" ölçeği alt boyutları ve toplam puanları ilişkin verilerde ise yaş ile "Demokratik Davranış" ve "Spor için liderlik ölçeği toplam" alt boyutları arasında düşük pozitif korelasyon bulunurken, "Eğitim-Öğretim" ve "Pozitif Geribildirim" alt boyutlar arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
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    Barriers to physical activity in individuals with autism spectrum disorders after the 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquakes in Turkiye
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Yarimkaya, Erkan; Senlik, Zeynel Abidin; Demir, Mehmet; Toman, Ufuk; Kul, Murat; Turkmen, Mutlu
    The individual, environmental and systemic physical activity (PA) barriers experienced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in daily life may become more complex after a devastating disaster such as an earthquake. In order to effectively combat the high level of inactivity that may occur after an earthquake in individuals with ASD, PA barriers must be determined before the earthquake. However, no description is provided in the literature regarding the PA barriers experienced by individuals with ASD after the earthquake. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to examine parents' experiences regarding PA barriers experienced by individuals with ASD after the 2023 Kahramanmara & scedil; earthquakes in T & uuml;rkiye. Fifteen parents of individuals aged 8 and 31 with ASD were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using both inductive and deductive content analysis approach. Three overarching themes were found: (1) the effects of PA on individuals with ASD, (2) post-earthquake PA barriers, and (3) the consequences of lack of PA in individuals with ASD. The results revealed that parents were aware of the benefits of PA and directed their children with ASD to PA before the earthquake. However, after the earthquake, parents encountered PA barriers that they had to overcome, and this negatively affected the children with ASD.
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    Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimlerine Giriş Ders Kitaplarının Değerlendirilmesi
    (15.09.2018) Türkmen, Mutlu; Kul, Murat; Elçi, Gürkan
    Araştırmanın amacı, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimlerine Giriş ders kitaplarının içerik ve kapsam yönünden ele alınarak değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan içerik ve kapsamını incelemeye yönelik form oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında 9 adet yerli, 14 adet yabancı literatürden toplam 23 adet kitabın içeriklerine bağlı olarak hazırlanan form doğrultusunda, spor bilimlerinde uzman akademisyenler tarafından değerlendirme yapmaları istenmiştir. Betimsel istatistik yöntemleri ile analiz edilen veriler doğrultusunda, “Araştırma Teknikleri ve İstatistik”, “İletişim Becerileri”, “Sosyal Beceri Öğrenimi” ve “Rekreasyon” konu başlıklarında kavramsal olarak eksikliklerin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ders kitaplarında yararlanılan kaynakların da güncel kaynaklardan faydalanılmadığını tespit edilmiştir. Yazınsal kaynaklarda bu araştırmanın sonuçları dikkate alınarak gerekli geliştirmeler yapılması ve düzeltmelere gidilmesinin önemi öğrencilerin çok yönlü gelişimleri açısından önemlidir.
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    Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmeni Adaylarının Girişimcilik Özellikleri ile Yansıtıcı Düşünme Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi (Sakarya Üniversitesi Örneği)
    (2024) Öztürk, Metin; Kul, Murat
    Bu araştırmada, öğretmen adaylarının girişimcilik özellikleri ile yansıtıcı düşünme düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma grubunu Sakarya Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği bölümünde öğrenim görmekte olan öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Yansıtıcı Düşünme Eğilimi Ölçeği” ve “Üniversite Öğrencileri İçin Girişimcilik Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler üzerinde bağımsız gruplar t-testi, ANOVA, Bonferroni testi ve korelasyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda öğretmen adaylarının yansıtıcı düşünme eğilimi alt boyutunda edinilen en yüksek puanı “Sorgulayıcı ve Etkili Öğretim” alt boyutundan aldıkları görülmektedir. Kadın öğretmen adaylarının erkek öğretmen adaylarına göre daha çok yansıtıcı düşünme düzeyinde oldukları görülmektedir. Araştırma grubunun girişimcilik özelliklerinin ise “yüksek girişimcilik” düzeyinde olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre girişimcilik özelliklerinde anlamlı bir farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Sınıf değişkenine göre 2. sınıfa devam eden öğretmen adaylarının girişimcilik özelliklerinin daha yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmen adaylarının girişimcilik puanlarında, girişimcilik dersi eğitimi alıp almama durumuna göre anlamlı bir farklılaşmanın meydana gelmediği görülmektedir. Katılımcıların girişimcilik puanlarında spor yapma durumuna göre anlamlı bir farklılaşmanın meydana gelmediği görülmektedir. Ancak yüksek oranda aktif ve lisanslı olarak spor yapan öğretmen adaylarının girişimcilik özelliklerinin etkilenmediği görülmektedir. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda ise, girişimcilik ve tüm yansıtıcı düşünme alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur.
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    Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenlerinin Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri ve Benlik Saygısı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi (Trabzon İli Örneği)
    (Hasan ŞAHAN, 2023) Kırkbir, Süleyman Samet; Kul, Murat
    Bu araştırmada. beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin tükenmişlik düzeyleri ve benlik saygısı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini Trabzon ilinde görev yapmakta olan beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenleri oluştururken örneklem grubunu evrenden kolaylama yöntemi ile ulaşılan kişiler oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların tükenmişlik düzeylerini ölçmek için "Tükenmişlik Ölçeği". benlik saygısı düzeylerinin ölçülmesi için ise "Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda Kruskal Wallis Testi ve Mann Whitney U Testi kullanılırken. ilişki testlerinden Spearman Korelasyon analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin tükenmişlik düzeyleri cinsiyet. çalışılan okul türü. görev yapılan okulda spor salonu olma durumu ve görev yapılan bölge durumuna bağlı olarak farklılık göstermezken. medeni durumları. aylık gelir düzeyleri ve spor geçmişine sahip olma durumlarına bağlı olarak gruplar arasında farklılık göstermiştir. Tükenmişlik düzeyleri ile yaş. ortalama gelir düzeyi ve hizmet süreleri arasında negatif yönde ilişkilerin olduğu sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır. Benlik saygısı düzeyleri cinsiyet. medeni durum. aylık gelir düzeyi. çalışılan okul türü. görev yapılan okulda spor salonu olma durumu. görev yapılan bölge durumu ve spor geçmişine sahip olma durumlarına bağlı olarak farklılık göstermemiştir. Benlik saygısı düzeylerine yönelik korelasyon analizi sonucunda da yaş. ortalama gelir düzeyi ve hizmet sürelerinde ilişki olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin tükenmişlik düzeyi ile benlik saygısı düzeyleri arasında negatif yönde ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
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    BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR YÜKSEKOKULUNDA OKUYAN ÖĞRENCİLERİN SOSYAL FİZİKİ KAYGI DURUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
    (30.06.2014) Türkmen, Mutlu; Yaşartürk, Fatih; Çalık, Fehmi; Kul, Murat; Akyüz, Hayri
    Bu çalışmada Sakarya Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulunda okuyan öğrencilerin sosyal fiziki kaygı durumlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma durum tespitine yönelik betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmaya 2013–2014 eğitim öğretim yılında Sakarya Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokuluna bağlı Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği ve Antrenörlük Eğitimi bölümlerinde okuyan 120 gönüllü öğrenci katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Leary ve Rejeski (1989) tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçe uyarlaması Ballı ve Aşçı (2006) tarafından yapılan sosyal fiziki kaygı envanteri uygulanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 15.0 programından yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirmesinde; ortalama, standart sapma ve t-testi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel karşılaştırmalarda anlamlılık seviyesi p<.05 olarak alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak öğrencilerin sosyal fiziki kaygı puanlarında bölüm değişkenine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamazken cinsiyet değişkenine göre sosyal fiziki kaygı puanlarının karşılaştırılmasında anlamlı bir fark (0,49) bulunmuştur.
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    Casein Supplementation Timing and Exercise Performance in Soccer Players: Pre-Sleep vs. Post-Exercise Intake-A Randomized Controlled Trial
    (Mdpi, 2025) Bayrakdaroglu, Serdar; Ates, Zeynep Hazal; Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim; Kul, Murat; Muntean, Raul Ioan; Dhahbi, Wissem
    Background: Nutrient timing strategies may influence recovery and performance in athletes; however, the effects of ingesting casein protein before sleep versus immediately after exercise remain unclear. This study compared the acute effects of pre-sleep and post-exercise ingestion of casein on high-intensity anaerobic performance in highly trained soccer players. Methods: Twenty-four highly trained male soccer players (mean age: 20.6 +/- 1.8 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: post-exercise casein ingestion group (PECIG; n = 8), pre-sleep casein ingestion group (PSCIG; n = 8), and control group (CG; n = 8). Following a standardized high-intensity resistance training protocol, participants consumed 30 g of micellar casein dissolved in 300 mL of water either immediately after exercise or 30-60 min before bedtime. Performance was assessed using the Countermovement Jump (CMJ), the Illinois Agility Test (IAT), and the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), which were conducted both before and 24 h after the training session. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant group-by-time effects for CMJ (F = 8.21, p = 0.002, eta(2)p = 0.36) and RAST performance variables, including peak power (F = 6.94, p = 0.003, eta(2)p = 0.32), mean power (F = 7.42, p = 0.002, eta(2)p = 0.34), and fatigue index (F = 5.87, p = 0.008, eta(2)p = 0.28). Post hoc analyses showed that PSCIG significantly improved CMJ (Delta = +1.45 cm; p < 0.001, d = 2.04) and RAST mean power (Delta = +125.14 W; p = 0.002, d = 1.55) compared with the control condition. PECIG significantly enhanced RAST peak power (Delta = +205.79 W; p = 0.001, d = 1.64), mean power (Delta = +128.43 W; p = 0.013, d = 1.24), and fatigue index (Delta = +4.12 W/s; p = 0.010, d = 1.29) relative to CG. No performance differences were observed between PSCIG and PECIG timing conditions (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both pre-sleep and post-exercise casein ingestion enhanced anaerobic performance in highly trained soccer players, with each timing method favoring different performance outcomes. However, neither strategy demonstrated superiority over the other, suggesting that casein timing may be flexibly applied according to athletes' preferences and training contexts.
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    Comparison of the Effects of 10 Weeks of Fitness and Kettlebell Workouts on Some Physical Parameters of Sedentary Individuals
    (2025) Öktem, Tuncay; Kul, Murat; Karataş, İsmail; Berk, Hazar Emre; Gök, Umut Diyar; Boz, Emre; Aydemir, Uğur
    In this study, it is aimed to scientifically reveal the changes that may occur in sedentary individuals with fitness and kettlebell training for 10 weeks and to compare these two different training practices. The research group of the study consists of sedentary individuals residing in Bayburt province. The participants included in the study first had anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, skinfold thickness, circumference measurements), diameter measurements, digital back-leg dynamometer measurement, vertical jump performance measurement, maximal 1 repetition \"squat\" performance measurement, and maximal 1 repetition \"deadlift\" performance measurement. The participants were randomly divided into two groups and included in the kettlebell and fitness training groups. As a result of the fitness training performed regularly for 10 weeks, it was observed that there were statistically significant differences between the pretest-posttest scores of the participants in shoulder diameter, chest diameter, arm diameter, squat, deadlift, sled, countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ). As a result of the kettlebell training performed regularly for 10 weeks, it was observed that there were statistically significant differences between the pretest-posttest scores of the participants in shoulder diameter, thigh diameter, squat, deadlift, sled, CMJ, SJ and back-leg strength. As a result, it can be said that fitness and kettlebell training are effective training types on the change of physical parameters of sedentary individuals.
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    Determination of Some Physical Fitness and Body Composition Characteristics of Young Bocce Players in Turkish National Team
    (10.03.2018) Türkmen, Mutlu; Özkan, Ali; Bozkus, Taner; Kul, Murat
    Bocce is gaining popularity throughout the world and is a game that is dominated by aerobic and anaerobic power-capacity, endurance, and strength and body composition. These are all important factors in order to reach a successful performance in Bocce. The purpose of this study was to determine some physical fitness and body composition characteristics of young Bocce players in the Turkish national team. A total of 26 six (14 female age 21.00±8.47 and 12 male age 19.58±3.34) Bocce players from the National Team of Turkey participated in this study voluntarily. Subjects’ height, body weight, body mass index and body fat percentage were measured. Body fat percentage was determined by Yuhasz formula, and isometric dynamometer was used in order to determine knee, back, grip strength. The sit and reach test was used for the determination of flexibility. Results indicated that Bocce players have normal body mass index and body fat percentage and ectomorphy-mesomorphy properties. Results of the isometric knee, back, right-left grip strength values of Bocce players was 77.54±24.8 kg, 90.54±26.85 kg and 36.10±9.91-34.27±10.08 respectively and have normal flexibility (32.5±5.86). As a conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that Bocce players have almost average body fat percentage, isometric strength and flexibility function.
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    Determination of the Relationship between Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors, Physical Fitness, and Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Diseases in University Students
    (17.04.2018) Türkmen, Mutlu; Yaşartürk, Fatih; Özkan, Ali; Kul, Murat; Bozkus, Taner; Soslu, Recep; Aydin, Recep; Oz, Umit
    The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between healthy lifestyle behaviors, physical fitness, and coronary risk factors in university students. 320 male and female (nm: 171; nf: 149, respectively) students from a university participated in this study voluntarily. For the determination of body composition and Body Mass Indexes (BMI), subjects’ height, body weight, and skinfold thickness were taken and body fat percentage (% fat) was determined. Healthy lifestyle behaviors were determined using the healthy lifestyle behaviors questionnaire. Indicators of physical fitness included flexibility (sit-up) (F), muscle strength and endurance (isometric knee (KS), back strength (BS) and a total of shuttle (TS), sprint performance, BMI, and body fat percentage (% fat). Coronary heart disease risk factors included mean arterial blood pressure (systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP)), fasting blood levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), hematocrit (HCT), and hemoglobin (HGB). Results indicated subjects have normal body mass index, body fat percentage, SBP, DBP, TG, TCF, BS, and KS. The results of the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis, indicated that SBP, DBP, TG, TCF, BS, and KS for male and female was significantly correlated with flexibility (sit-up) (F), muscle strength and endurance (isometric knee (KS), back strength (BS) and total of shuttle (TS)), sprint performance. (p < 0.01; p < 0.05), In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that physical fitness and healthy lifestyle behaviors play a determinant role in coronary heart disease risk factors for male and female students from a university.
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    Determination of the Relationship between Physical Activity Levels and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors of University Students
    (08.09.2013) Türkmen, Mutlu; Kul, Murat; Ocalan, Mehmet; Ozkan, Ali; Bozkus, Taner
    The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship of physical activity levels and healthy lifestyle behaviors of students in Bartın University. 2218 male and female students from (nschool of physical education and sport:195, nfaculty of literature:142, nfaculty of education: 201, nfaculty of economics and administrative sciences: 431, nfaculty of engineering: 515, nfaculty of forestry: 318, nfaculty of sciences: 25, nvocational school: 372, nvocational school of health: 19). All the students attended to this research voluntarily. In the study, the short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire was adopted to the students in order to determine their physical activity levels. Physical Activity (PA) levels were categorised as inactive (low), minimum active and physically active group by using MET method. Besides Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile Questionnaire was used with self-actualization (SA), health responsibility (HR), exercise (E), nutrition (N), interpersonal support (IS) and stress management(SM) subscales in order to determine healthy life styles of the students. Results of Pearson Product Moment Correlation analyses indicated significant positive correlations between total physical activity level and health responsibility (r=.60; p<0.05), exercise (r=.69; p<0.05), interpersonal support (r=.62; p<0.01), stress management (r=.72; p<0.05), nutrition (r=.60; p<0.05), and healthy lifestyle behaviors (r=.63; p<0.05). It has vital importance to determine the physical activity levels of university students as there is supposed to be a close relation between activity and physical, mental, social, and psychological health, which also affects academic success. Many researches so far have pointed out the importance of physical activity opportunities in campus life for university students as the students demonstrate to neglect physical activities during transition from high school to university period. Therefore this study also explored the relationship between physical activity levels and healthy lifestyle behaviors of university students in order to create awareness about this issue. As a conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that physical activity level of university students directly affected their healthy lifestyle behaviors.
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    THE EFFECTS OF AGE, SPORTS EXPERIENCE AND PHYSICAL SELF PERCEPTION ON COMPETITION ANXIETY LEVELS OF FEMALE FOOTBALL PLAYERS
    (04.07.2013) Türkmen, Mutlu; Bozkus, Taner; Kul, Murat
    The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age, sport experience and physical self perception on competition anxiety in female football players. 83 female football players in Premier League division of Turkish professional leagues participated in this study voluntarily. Sport Competitive Anxiety Test (SCAT) was used in order to determine the level of competitive anxiety, and the Physical Self-Perception Inventory was used in order to determine sport ability, physical condition, body attractiveness, strength and general physical competence. According to the results of Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis, competition anxiety was negatively correlated with sport experience (r=.-218; p<0.01), sport ability (r=.-486; p<0.01), physical condition (r=.-461; p<0.01), strength (r=.-283; p<0.01), and general physical competence (r=.-360; p<0.01). On the other hand age was significantly correlated with sport experience (r=.697; p<0.01), sport ability (r=.327; p<0.01), physical condition (r=.461; p<0.01), body attractiveness (r=.551; p<0.01), strength (r=.224; p<0.05), and general physical competence (r=.475; p<0.01). Similarly sport experience was significantly correlated with sport ability (r=.528; p<0.01), physical condition (r=.519; p<0.01), body attractiveness (r=.280; p<0.01), strength (r=.299; p<0.05), and general physical competence (r=.415; p<0.01). As a result of Stepwise Multiple Regression Analyses; age, sport experience, sport ability, physical condition, body attractiveness, strength, general physical competence has caused 37.5% of the competition anxiety. To conclude, the results of the present study pointed out that age, sport experience, sport ability, physical condition, body attractiveness, strength and general physical competence are important factors in determining competition anxiety.
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    Effects of Different Plyometric Training on Some Biomotor and Taekwondo Technical Performance in Taekwondo Athletes
    (Ataturk Univ, 2025) Kul, Murat; Aydemir, Burakhan
    The aim of this study is to examine the effects of different plyometric training methods on the biomotor and taekwondo technical performance of 14-16-year-old taekwondo athletes. The study utilized two different training methods: plyometric exercises on sand and plyometric exercises on taekwondo mats, with a control group performing only regular taekwondo training. The study included 66 athletes, all with at least 5 years of taekwondo experience, from Trabzon, Turkey, in 2024. Participants were divided into two experimental groups: Group 1, performing plyometric exercises on sand, and Group 2, performing plyometric exercises on taekwondo mats. After an 8week training program, biomotor and technical performance tests were applied to all groups for comparison. The data were tested for normal distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and since the data did not show normal distribution, non-parametric tests were used for analysis. Wilcoxon tests were applied for within-group comparisons, while Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for between-group comparisons. In cases where significant differences were found, Post hoc multiple comparison tests with Bonferroni correction were used to identify which groups showed the differences. The results showed that all groups demonstrated significant improvements in biomotor and technical performance parameters after the training programs. Group 1, the sand-based plyometric training group, showed more pronounced improvements in speed, agility, jump, balance, and technical performance parameters. The findings suggest that sand-based plyometric training has a significant impact on sports requiring speed, power, endurance, and technical skills, such as taekwondo.
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    Elit Karate Sporcularında İmgeleme ve Kaygı İlişkisinin İncelenmesi?
    (https://dx.doi.org/10.29228/TurkishStudies.42718, 2020) Boz, Emre; Kul, Murat
    Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, elit karate sporcularının imgeleme kullanımları ve sürekli kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu tesadüfi örneklem seçme yöntemiyle belirlenen 120 [n(erkek)=61, n(kadın)=59] elit karate sporcusu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak “Sporda İmgeleme Envanteri” ve “Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Bu değişkenler parametrik testlerle sınanmış, aralarındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla da Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon (r) Katsayısı tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, yarışma alanı değişkenine ilişkin sürekli kaygı toplam puanı ve “Motivasyonel Özel İmgeleme” alt boyutu arasında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların anne eğitim durumu değişkeni ile “Motivasyonel Genel-Uyarılmışlık” ve “Motivasyonel Genel-Ustalık” alt boyutları arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Sürekli kaygı toplam puanı ile sporda imgeleme envanteri alt boyutlarından “Bilişsel İmgeleme” alt boyutunda düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Millilik sınıfı ile sürekli kaygı toplam puanı değişkenlerine ilişkin yapılan korelasyon analizi neticesinde de düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Yine millilik sınıfı değişkeni ilişkin analiz neticesinde sporda imgeleme envanteri alt boyutlarından “Bilişsel İmgeleme” alt boyutunda düşük düzeyde istatistikî açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak elit karate sporcularında imgeleme kullanımı ile sürekli kaygı toplam puanı arasında “Bilişsel İmgeleme” alt boyutunda düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
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    Examination of the Effects of Archery Exercises on Some Physical Parameters of University Students
    (Mattioli 1885, 2021) Turkmen, Mutlu; Kul, Murat; Gonen, Mevlut; Karatas, Ismail; Ceyhan, Mehmet Ali; Yildirim, Umit; Turker, Ustun
    The aim of this study was to examine the effect of eight-week modern archery training on some physical parameters of university students. In the study, one-group pretest-posttest design from the experimental research methods was used. The study group consisted of a total of 25 voluntary-students were chosen randomly 10 female and 15 male, undergraduate, and graduate levels during the fall semester of 2020-2021 academic year at Bayburt University, who have not received Olympic archery training before. The -Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was applied to analyse the data of the study. Regarding female participants, within the scope of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test results; according to the analysis results of the variables Index -Finger, Middle Finger, Ring Finger, statistically significant differences were found between the pretest and posttest values for each variable. Regarding male participants, within the scope of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test results; according to the analysis of the results of the participants' Back-Leg, Index Finger, Middle -Finger variables, statistically significant differences were found between the pretest and posttest values for each variable.
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    Examination of the Relationship Between Exercise Addiction and Behavioral Regulations in Exercise and Substance Abuse Awareness of Weightlifting and Boxing Athletes
    (METİN YAMAN, 2023) Aksoy, Ömer Faruk; Kul, Murat
    The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between exercise addiction and behavioural regulation in exercise and substance addiction awareness of weightlifting and boxing athletes and to examine these data in terms of demographic variables. The research group consists of 333 participants. "Exercise Addiction Scale", "Behavioural Regulations in Exercise-2" and "Substance Addiction Awareness Scale" were used for data collection. Percentage and frequency distributions and Pearson Correlation Analysis were applied in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the research, significant positive correlation was found between the Exercise Addiction Scale total score and the Substance Addiction Awareness Scale total score, and the Behavioural Regulations in Exercise-2 total score. In this context, when the motivation that occurs during exercise becomes a compulsive action, it is thought that exercise addiction starts in the individual and that the substance addiction awareness of exercise addicts is higher.
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    Examination of The Relationship Between Exercise Addiction and Life Qualıty Levels of Badminton Athletes
    (METİN YAMAN, 2023) Palas, İbrahim; Kul, Murat; Ünlü, Yılmaz
    The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between exercise addiction and quality of life of badminton athletes and to examine these data in terms of demographic variables. The research group consists of 384 participants. "Exercise Addiction Scale" and "WHOQOL-BREF" were used for data collection. Percentage and frequency distributions, Levene Test, Pearson Correlation Analysis, One-Way ANOVA and t-Test were used in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the research, significant differences were found in all sub-dimensions of the exercise addiction scale related to gender, preferred game type, and perceived income level. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the "Postponement of Individual-Social Needs and Conflict" sub-dimension of the exercise addiction scale related to the educational status variable. When the mean scores of exercise addiction depending on the marital status variable were examined, it was found that there was a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of "Excessive Focus and Change in Emotion" and "Postponement of Individual-Social Needs and Conflict". When the mean scores of exercise addiction depending on the nationality status variable were examined, it was found that there was a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of "Excessive Focus and Change in Emotion" and "Exercise Addiction Total". Significant differences were found in the sub-dimensions of "Excessive Focus and Change of Emotions", "Postponement of Individual-Social Needs and Conflict" and "Exercise Addiction Total" related to the type of residence variable of exercise addiction levels. A significant difference was found in the sub-dimensions of "Physical Health", "Social Relationships" and "Environment" related to the gender variable of quality of life levels. A significant difference was found only in the "Social Relationships" sub-dimension of the scale related to the education level variable of life quality levels. It was found that there was a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of "Psychological Health" and "Social Relationships" related to the marital status variable of quality of life levels. It was determined that there was a significant difference only in the "Social Relationships" sub-dimension, among the sub-dimensions of the scale related to the variable of nationality status of life quality levels. It was found that there was a significant difference in the "Psychological Health" and "Social Relationships" sub-dimensions of the Game Type variable of the quality of life levels. It was determined that there was a significant difference only in the "Environment" sub-dimension, among the sub-dimensions of the scale related to the income level perception variable of life quality levels. It was determined that there was a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of "Psychological Health", "Social Relations" and "Environment" related to the place of residence variable of life quality levels. As a result; It was concluded that there is a relationship between badminton athletes' quality of life scale and some sub-dimensions in line with their responses to the exercise addiction scale.
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    Examination of the Relationship Between MaxVo2 Values and Various Parameters of Football Players Playing in Amateur Football Team
    (METİN YAMAN, 2024) Kul, Murat; Aydemir, Burakhan
    Football has been a sport that has been followed with interest from past to present and has attracted the masses. The game of football, played within the framework of certain rules, has also become a large sector in terms of sports economy. It is stated that the highest level of performance and all physiological characteristics should be analyzed in the football branch, as it consists of various movement sequences and includes versatile skills. In the literature, performance is defined as the score obtained from physical, physiological and biomotor data. In this context, this study aims to examine the relationship between MaxVo2 values and Various Parameters of football players playing in an amateur football team. In the study where the relationship between MaxVo2 values of football players and various parameters was examined, the correlational method, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. The research group consists of football players playing for Ağasar Çepni Football Club in the Trabzon 1st Amateur Football League. Average age of participants; 26.06±4.56, average height; 175.17±5.74, body weight (kg); It consists of 18 volunteer football players whose age is 73.79±11.11. SPSS.22 program was used in the statistical analysis of the data. Descriptive analyzes of football players were calculated as mean and standard deviation. Relationships between variables were determined using the Pearson correlation test. The significance level was taken as p
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    Examination of trauma levels and earthquake stress coping strategies of university students who exercise and do not exercise after an earthquake
    (Springernature, 2025) Cakir, Zekai; Erbas, Ulfet; Gonen, Mevlut; Ceyhan, Mehmet Ali; Oktem, Tuncay; Kul, Murat; Guzel, Sema
    Background Earthquakes are calamities of devastating nature that induce longterm post traumatic stress on affected victims. As such, they are recognized worldwide as being huge sources of stress. In this research study, the first objective is to assess the level of trauma and earthquake stress of university students who exercise and those who do not. Methods This study utilized the descriptive survey research method. The sample comprised 378 male and 300 female students who experienced the socially detrimental 7.7 Mw and 7.6 Mw earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023. The data were both face-to-face and via computer-administered questionnaire with the tools of Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Scale and Earthquake Stress Coping Strategies Scale. After checking for normality, the parametric tests were used, the t-test to compare two groups of data, and ANOVA for three or more groups of data. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analyses were performed to compare the interactions between students who exercise and those who do not. Results The study found that gender affected trauma levels, with female students (X = 73.483) exhibiting significantly higher trauma levels than male students (X = 68.799) (p < 0.001). Students who engaged in regular physical activity (X = 67.71) were found to have lower trauma levels compared to those who did not exercise (X = 71.97). Participants who feared being caught by the earthquake at home or school (X = 73.32), experienced the loss of someone close (X = 88.10) or believed that adequate precautions against the earthquake had not been taken (X = 71.73) had higher trauma scores. According to the results of the ANOVA test, students from the Departments of Sports Sciences (X = 69.78) and Religious Studies (X = 69.63) were observed to have lower trauma levels. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive and moderate relationship between trauma levels and earthquake stress coping strategies among students who engaged in regular physical activity (r = .176, p < 0.01). Conclusions The research identified that factors such as gender, regular exercise, the experience of losing a loved one, and the perception that insufficient precautions were taken all significantly influence trauma levels. Moreover, the findings highlighted that regular physical exercise serves as an effective strategy for managing and coping with trauma.