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Öğe Characterization of pistachio processing industry wastewater and investigation of chemical pretreatment(Yildiz Technical University, 2020) Tırınk, Sevtap; Nuhoğlu, Alper; Kul, SinanThis study was carried out in two stages; in the first stage of the study, wastewater characterization of wastewater originating from the pistachio industry was primarily completed, and in the second stage, chemical pre-treatment studies were completed. Pistachio wastewater used in the study was obtained from a pistachio processing factory located in Gaziantep province. In chemical treatment studies, montmorillonite clay, AlCl3, Al2(SO4)3, Fe2(SO4)3 and FeCl3 were used as coagulants. As a result of chemical treatability tests, AlCl3 was determined to be the best coagulant. With AlCl3 at optimum dosage and optimum pH value, 99.6% suspended solid (SS) removal efficiency, 65.8% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and 85.5% total phenol (TP) removal efficiency were obtained. © Yildiz Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparison of Bomaplex Blue CR-L Removal by Adsorption Using Raw and Activated Pumpkin Seed Shells(Sciendo, 2022) Irdemez, Sahset; Ozyay, Gizem; Ekmekyapar Torun, Fatma; Kul, Sinan; Bingul, ZuleyhaIn this study, removal of colour from wastewaters prepared synthetically using Bomaplex Blue CR-L was investigated using raw and activated pumpkin seed shells by adsorption in a batch system. The effects of stirring speed, adsorbent concentration, dye concentration, temperature and pH on colour removal were investigated, and adsorption capacities of raw and activated pumpkin seed shells were determined. In addition, adsorption kinetics, isotherm coefficients, activation energies and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The optimal adsorption conditions were determined as pH = 2, stirring speed of 200 rpm, adsorbent concentration of 10 g L-1 and 30 degrees C. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum removal efficiency of Bomaplex Blue CR-L using raw pumpkin seed shells was 73.01 %. This value rose to 79.71 % after activation processing was applied. Experimental adsorption data show that the adsorption is more suited to the Langmuir adsorption model and works in accordance with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. As a result of thermodynamic research, Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees were 31.515 kJ mol(-1) and 109.952 kJ mol(-1) K-1 for the raw adsorbent, respectively. For the activated adsorbent, Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees were 43.118 kJ mol(-1) and 152.237 kJ mol(-1) K-1, respectively. The activation energy of adsorption was calculated as 10.918 kJ mol(-1) for the raw adsorbent and 9.882 kJ mol(-1) for the activated adsorbent.Öğe Comparison of cationic dyes (basic orange 2, basic yellow 2 and basic violet 3) removal from aqueous solution using clay as an adsorbent(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2019) Farizoglu, Burhanettin; Fil, Baybars Ali; Sozudogru, Onur; Aladag, Erdinc; Kul, SinanThe present work aims to investigate the removal of three cationic dyes (Basic Orange 2, Basic Yellow 2 and Basic Violet 3) from aqueous solutions by montmorillonite under various experimental conditions. Cationic dyes were selected Basic Orange 2 (BO2), Basic Yellow 2 (BY2) and Basic Violet 3 (BV3). The effects of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, agitation speed and ionic strength, on the removal of dyes were studied. According to the experiments results, it was shown, that maximum removal was achieved in less than 45 min. The results indicate that the montmorillonite can be used as a low cost alternative according to other adsorbents in the removal of dyes from wastewater. The maximum adsorption efficiency levels attained were as follows: 95.849% BO2, 99.562% BY2 and 99.169% BV3 onto montmorillonite at pH: 5.0, 100 mg/L initial dye concentration, 0.75g/L clay dosage, 300 rpm agitation speed, 0 M NaCl ionic strength and 293 K, reaction time of 45 min. © by PSPÖğe COMPARISON OF CATIONIC DYES (BASIC ORANGE 2, BASIC YELLOW 2 AND BASIC VIOLET 3) REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING CLAY AS AN ADSORBENT(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Farizoglu, Burhanettin; Fil, Baybars Ali; Sozudogru, Onur; Aladag, Erdinc; Kul, SinanThe present work aims to investigate the removal of three cationic dyes (Basic Orange 2, Basic Yellow 2 and Basic Violet 3) from aqueous solutions by montmorillonite under various experimental conditions. Cationic dyes were selected Basic Orange 2 (BO2), Basic Yellow 2 (BY2) and Basic Violet 3 (BV3). The effects of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, agitation speed and ionic strength, on the removal of dyes were studied. According to the experiments results, it was shown, that maximum removal was achieved in less than 45 min. The results indicate that the montmorillonite can be used as a low cost alternative according to other adsorbents in the removal of dyes from wastewater. The maximum adsorption efficiency levels attained were as follows: 95.849% BO2, 99.562% BY2 and 99.169% BV3 onto montmorillonite at pH: 5.0, 100 mg/L initial dye concentration, 0.75g/L clay dosage, 300 rpm agitation speed, 0 M NaCl ionic strength and 293 K, reaction time of 45 min.Öğe Comparison of kinetics of Cr (III) ions removal from wastewater using raw and activated montmorillonite minerals(Univ Studi Bologna, Dept Agricultural Sciences, 2021) Irdemez, Sahset; Durmus, Gul; Kul, Sinan; Torun, Fatma Ekmekyapar; Bingul, ZuleyhaIn this study, kinetics of the removal of Cr (III) from the waters by adsorption have been investigated using montmorillonite natural clay that was obtained from the vicinity of Narman, Erzurum in Turkey. Activation energy, thermodynamic values and adsorption kinetics were determined. In addition, the trials were repeated by subjecting to the same adsorbent activation process. The values found for these two adsorbents were compared. As a result of the experiments, the parameters affecting the adsorption kinetics were examined. It was determined that the adsorption process could be best depicted by pseudo second order reaction kinetics. Using pseudo second order reaction rate constants, Delta H degrees = -25.791 kJ mol(-1) and Delta S degrees = 106.19 joule mol(-1) were calculated for raw adsorbent. For the activated adsorbent, Delta H degrees = -18,806 kJ mol(-1) and Delta S degrees = 79.37 joule mol(-1) were calculated. That Delta G degrees increases as temperature increases indicates; adsorption is more spontaneous at high temperatures. Negative Delta H degrees values show that the reaction is exothermic. The positive values of Delta S degrees indicate increased randomness at the adsorbent/solution interface during the adsorption of chrome.Öğe DETERMINATION OF PARAMETERS AFFECTING KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC VALUES FOR LEAD REMOVAL USING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH(Chem Soc Ethiopia, 2022) Irdemez, Sahset; Yesilyurt, Duygu; Torun, Fatma Ekmekyapar; Kul, SinanIn this study, treatment of lead containing wastewater using sewage sludge ash obtained from the incineration unit in the domestic wastewater treatment plant in Gaziantep province in Turkey was investigated. The main purpose of the study is to determine the potential of using the treatment sludge ash, which comes out as waste in the treatment plant, in the treatment of wastewater of another industry. As a result of this study, the most suitable adsorption conditions were determined and focused on the kinetics of adsorption. In the experiments, the lead adsorption capacity of sewage sludge ash was determined as 122 mg g-1 at 0.5 g L-1 adsorbent concentration in wastewater containing 100 mg L-1 Pb2+under optimum conditions. As a result of the research, it was determined that the adsorption reaction proceeds according to the pseudo second degree reaction and is suitable for the Langmuir isotherm. As thermodynamic constants, & UDelta;H & DEG; = 7.407 kJ mol-1 and & UDelta;S & DEG; = 33.25 J mol-1 were determined. As a result of this, it was determined that the adsorption reaction was endothermic, spontaneous and random, and adsorption was physical adsorption. The results show that sewage sludge ash can be used in the treatment of water containing high concentrations of Pb2+.Öğe Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Oil Sunflower Seeds Grown in the North of Turkey(2021) Gül, Volkan; Kul, SinanThis study aims to determine some heavy metal contents (boron, aluminum, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead) of eighteen sunflower seeds obtained from six regions in the Middle Black Sea Region where sunflower is grown. The ICP- MS device was used to determine the heavy metal concentrations in the study, and cadmium, and lead amounts in the samples examined at the end of the study were found in the range of 0-0.06 ?g kg-1 and 0-1.07 ?g kg-1, respectively. The highest heavy metal concentrations in all the examples were obtained as iron (13.14-61.04 ?g kg-1), zinc (34.11-54.12 ?g kg-1), copper (15.68-20.7 ?g kg-1), and manganese (12.72-20.20 ?g kg-1). These heavy metals were followed by boron (4.82-10.33 ?g kg-1), aluminum (0-13.12 ?g kg-1), and nickel (0.88- 7.74 ?g kg-1). The lowest heavy metal concentration was cobalt (0.037-0.12 ?g kg-1). As a result, the heavy metal concentrations found in the sunflower seeds grown in the Middle Black Sea region were lower than the limit values threading to human health.Öğe The effect of pH on removal of phosphate from water using aluminum electrodes by electrocoagulation method(TUBITAK, 2021) İrdemez, Şahset; Bingül, Züleyha; Kul, Sinan; Ekmekyapar Torun, Fatma; Demircioğlu, NuhiIn this study, the effect of wastewater pH on phosphate removal by electrocoagulation method using aluminum plate electrodes was investigated. For this purpose, experiments were carried out at initial pH values ranging from 3-10, and the effect of the initial pH of the wastewater on phosphate removal efficiency, energy consumption and reaction rate was analyzed. From the results obtained, it was determined that the initial pHs of the optimum wastewater was 3 and 4. Because at low pH, both phosphate removal efficiency is high and the energy consumption of the system is low. While 97% removal efficiency is reached in 20 minutes at pHi=3, it increases in this period with the increase of the wastewater initial pH. These data show that the removal rate is higher at lower initial pHs. While the 1st degree reaction rate constant at pHi=3 is k1=0.2154 min-1, this value decreases to k1=0.071 min-1 at pHi=10. At pHi=3, the energy consumption of the system has been determined as 0.553 kWh m-3 in 12 minutes of contact time. In addition, in the measurements made during the trials, it was observed that the highest PO4-P removal occurred during the period when the pH of the system was between 5-7. © 2021, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of supporting electrolyte type and concentration on the phosphate removal from water by electrocoagulation method using iron electrodes(2022) İrdemez, Şahset; Bingül, Züleyha; Kul, Sinan; Torun, Fatma Ekmekyapar; Demircioğlu, NuhiIn this study, the effect of the type and concentration of the supporting electrolyte given to the water to increase the conductivity in the electrocoagulation process on the phosphate removal from synthetically prepared waters was investigated. In addition, experiments were carried out without electrolyte and the results were compared. The effect of support electrolyte type and concentration on phosphate removal efficiency, energy consumption and reaction rate was analyzed. Experiments have shown that electrolyte use has no significant effect on phosphate removal efficiency. However, it has been found that the addition of electrolyte reduces energy consumption and increases the removal rate. From the results obtained, it was determined that NaCl as the most suitable electrolyte type and 5 mM electrolyte was sufficient as the optimum dose. Under these conditions, for 100 mg L^-1 PO_4-P at 0.5 mA cm^-2 current density, the phosphate removal efficiency was 96.98%, the energy consumption was 1.13 kWh m^-3 and the first order reaction rate constant was 0.0593 min^-1.Öğe The Investigation of COD Treatment and Energy Consumption of Urban Wastewater by a Continuous Electrocoagulation System(Korean Electrochemistry Soc, 2022) Sagsoz, Yesim Dede; Yilmaz, Alper Erdem; Torun, Fatma Ekmekyapar; Kocadagistan, Beyhan; Kul, SinanIn this study, electrochemical treatment of urban wastewater with electrical conductivity of 1000 mu S cm ??? and chemical oxygen demand of 250 mg L ??? was investigated using the variables of initial pH value, current density and flow rate. Electrocoagulation was used, in which aluminum and stainless steel were selected, as the electrochemical treatment process. The electrocoagulation process was operated in continuous mode. The data obtained in experimental studies show that the best COD removal efficiency occurred in experiments where the initial pH value was 6. The increase in current density from 5 A to 15 A decreased the removal efficiency from 79 to 67%. The increase in flow rate under constant current density also reduced the efficiency of removal as expected. In experiments in which current density and flow rate were examined together, the increase in flow rate allowed the application of higher current densities. This situation led to considerable reductions in energy consumption values, even if the COD removal efficiency did not significantly increase. The high COD removal obtained with the use of high flow rate and high current density indicates that the electrocoagulation process can be used for high flow rate municipal wastewater treatment. Received : 1 July 2021, Accepted : 19 December 2021Öğe Investigation of Manganese Ion Removal from Waters Using Sewage Sludge Ash(Jihad Daneshgahi, 2022) Irdemez, Sahset; Yesilyurt, Duygu; Torun, Fatma Ekmekyapar; Kul, Sinan; Bingul, ZuleyhaIn this study, the removal of Mn2+ ions from waters by the adsorption method using ash obtained from a treatment plant sludge burning unit, which is treatment plant waste and mostly disposed of in a landfill, was investigated. By determining the most suitable conditions for adsorption, adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic values were determined. In the experiments, 63.9% removal efficiency was achieved using 10 g/L adsorbent concentration for 10 mg/L Mn+2 under optimum conditions. As a result of the research, it was determined that the adsorption proceeds according to the pseudo-second-degree reaction and abides by the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic constants of Delta H degrees= -4.866 kJ/mol and Delta S degrees= 21.44 J/mol were determined. As a result of this, the reaction was exothermic, spontaneous, and random, and adsorption was physical adsorption. As a result of the study, sewage sludge ash can be used in the treatment of water containing low concentrations of Mn2+ .Öğe Investigation of organic and inorganic matters removal from tannery wastewater using iron plate electrode by electrocoagulation process(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Bingul, Zuleyha; Irdemez, Sahset; Kul, Sinan; Ekmekyapar Torun, Fatma; Demircioglu, NuhiIn this study, COD, turbidity, total nitrogen, phosphate, sulphate, oil-grease and chromium removals from wastewaters taken from a local tannery using the electrocoagulation process were examined and the most suitable parameters for the electrocoagulation system were tried to be determined. Soluble iron plate electrodes were used as electrodes in the experiments. As a result of the studies carried out, the most suitable initial pH in uncontrolled pH was determined as pH = 4 and for controlled pH as pH = 5. In studies, the most suitable current density for iron electrodes was determined as 1.2 mA cm(-2). Even if the increase in current density increased the amount of dissolved Fe, it negatively affected the removal efficiency. In addition, the turbidity of the wastewater was removed in 30 minutes, phosphate in 20 minutes and chromium in 15 minutes by 100%. During 60 minutes of operation, while 62.91% of TN, 87.8% of oil-grease were removed, sulphate was removed at the rate of 54.78%. In the studies, 1st and 2nd order kinetic equations for COD removal were examined and it was determined that removal kinetic is more suitable for 2nd order kinetics.Öğe Investigation of the biological treatability of pistachio processing industry wastewaters in a batch-operated aerobic bioreactor(Springer, 2022) Tirink, Sevtap; Nuhoglu, Alper; Kul, SinanThis study encompasses investigation of treatment of pistachio processing industry wastewaters in a batch reactor under aerobic conditions, calculation of kinetic parameters and comparison of different inhibition models. The mixed microorganism culture used in the study was adapted to pistachio processing industry wastewaters for nearly one month and then concentrations from 50 to 1000 mg L-1 of pistachio processing industry wastewaters were added to the medium and treatment was investigated in batch experiments. The Andrews, Han-Levenspiel, Luong and Aiba biokinetic equations were chosen for the correlations between the concentration of pistachio processing industry wastewaters and specific growth rates, and the kinetic parameters in these biokinetic equations were calculated. The maximum specific growh rate, semi-saturated constant and inhibition constant parameters, included in the Aiba biokinetic equation providing best fit among the other equations, had values calculated as 0.25 h(-1), 19 mg L-1, and 516 mg L-1, respectively. The substrate value reaches maximum value and the specific growth rate at this concentration were calculated as 101.379 mg L-1 and 0.1827 h(-1), respectively.Öğe Investigation of the effect of current density and PH on oil and grease removal from leather industry wastewaters by electrocoagulation method(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2022) Bingul Recber, Zuleyha; Ekmekyapar Torun, Fatma; Kul, Sinan; Irdemez, SahsetIn this study, the effects of pH and current density on the removal of high concentrations of oil and grease in leather industry wastewater by the electrocoagulation method were investigated. Two different types of electrodes were used in the study. Studies with aluminum electrodes have shown that these electrodes are more effective than iron electrodes in removing oil and grease. In addition, aluminum electrodes are affected more by the system pH than iron electrodes. Studies have shown that higher oil and grease removal efficiencies are obtained below pH 4 for both electrodes. While the oil and grease removal efficiency with Al electrodes is 95% at pH 2, this value decreases to 83% at pH 6. In Fe electrodes, while the removal efficiency is 87.83% at pH 2, it decreases to 83% at pH 6. The effect of current density on oil and grease removal was examined and it was observed that the removal efficiency remained constant above a certain current density in aluminum electrodes. While the efficiency of Al electrodes is 83.31% at 0.6 mA cm(-2) current density, this value has increased to about 98% at 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mA cm(-2) current densities. In Fe electrodes, the oil and grease removal efficiency is 82.66% at 0.6 mA cm(-2) current density, while it is 90% at 1.2 and 1.8 mA cm(-2) current densities and 98% at 2.4 mA cm(-2). These results show that the electrocoagulation process removes the oil and grease in wastewater at a high rate. This shows that this process can also be used as pre-treatment before the biological treatment of industrial wastewater with high oil and grease content.Öğe Investigation of the Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater by Electrooxidation(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2022) Kul, Sinan; Boncukcuoglu, Recep; Torun, Fatma Ekmekyapar; Recber, Zuleyha; Sozudogru, Onur; Aladag, ErdincThe electrooxidation process, one of the advanced oxidation processes, is one of the effective treatment processes used in treating various industrial wastewaters. This study investigated the treatment of olive mill wastewater using the electrooxidation process. This study includes the effects of different experimental parameters on chemical oxygen demand and total phenol removal efficiencies in olive mill wastewater. Ti/IrO2/RuO2 mesh plates as anode material and Ti mesh plates as cathode material were used in the study. The effects of stirring rate, dilution factor, pH, type of support electrolyte, the concentration of support electrolyte, and current density on chemical oxygen demand and total phenol removal efficiencies were examined in the experiments using a batch reactor. The study found that the chemical oxygen demand and total phenol removal rates were 96.93% and 100% under optimum conditions, respectively. According to the treatment data obtained, it can be said that olive mill wastewater can be treated by the electrooxidation method and can be proposed as a pretreatment system before entering biological treatment.Öğe Kars İli Sarıkamış İlçesi İçme Suyu Arıtma Tesisi Giriş ve Çıkış Su Kalitesinin Aylara Göre Değişiminin İncelenmesi(2021) İrdemez, Şahset; Özger, Hacer; Torun, Fatma Ekmekyapar; Kul, SinanBu çalışmada Kars ili sınırları içerisinde yer alan Sarıkamış Belediyesi İçme Suyu Arıtma Tesislerinde arıtılansuyun fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerine ilişkin tesis giriş ve çıkış değerleri karşılaştırılarak bu değerlerin içmesuyu standartlarına uygunluğunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Temmuz 2017-Haziran 2018dönemini kapsayan aylık periyotlarda, tesisin giriş ve çıkış sularından elde edilen numunelerde pH, sıcaklık,elektriksel iletkenlik, renk, alkalinite, nitrit, bulanıklık, demir, organik madde miktarı, sülfat, mangan, amonyumve alüminyum gibi içme suyu parametrelerinin analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler TS 266 veİnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik ile karşılaştırılmış ve sonuçların sıcaklık parametresi dışındatüm su kalitesi standartlarını sağladığı anlaşılmıştır.Öğe L Tipi Matris ve Fine-Kinney Metodları Kullanılarak Erzurum Havalimanı’nın Çevresel Risk Değerlendirmesi(2024) Bedir, Ferdin; Kul, Sinan; Özdemir, Mustafa; İrdemez, ŞahsetDünya ekonomisinde önemli bir yeri olan havacılık sektörü diğer birçok sektör ile karşılaştırıldığında çok daha yüksek bir büyüme oranına sahiptir. Günümüzde küresel sera gazı emisyonlarının yaklaşık %2'sinin bu sektörden kaynaklandığı ve ilerleyen yıllarda bu emisyonların sektörün büyüme oranları ile paralel olarak artacağı düşünülerek gerekli tedbirlerin vakit kaybetmeden alınması yerinde olacaktır. Havalimanlarının inşaat faaliyetleri süresince ekosistem olumsuz olarak etkilenirken, havalimanı altyapılarının yüksek enerji ihtiyaçları, işletme aşamasında oluşan önemli miktarlardaki atık maddeler, havalimanı operasyonlarından kaynaklanan gürültü emisyonları vb. nedenler yerel halkın refahını önemli ölçüde etkileyebilmektedir. Havalimanlarında yürütülen uygulamaların çevreyi ve yerel halkı etkilediği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, ekonomik gerekçeleri bahane etmeden havalimanlarının yönetimleri tarafından düzeltici önlemlerin uygulamaya alınması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada bahsi geçen çevresel problemler değerlendirilerek, Erzurum Havalimanı’nın işletilmesi sürecinde, risk değerlendirmesi yapılması ve çevresel etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada çevresel risk faktörleri belirlenerek, risklerin çevreye olası etkileri L tipi matris metodu ve Fine-Kinney metodu kullanılarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda havalimanı bünyesinde yer alan ofis, mutfak, marangozhane, depo, bakım onarım vb. birimlerde çevresel zararlara sebep olabileceği düşünülen çevresel risk etmenleri değerlendirilmiştir. Havalimanında yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda L tipi matris metoduyla 11 adet orta, 243 adet katlanılabilir ve 39 adet önemsiz düzey risk tespit edilmişken, Fine-Kinney metoduyla 7 adet yüksek, 31 adet önemli, 136 olası ve 119 adet önemsiz düzey çevresel risk tespit edilmiştir. Alınacak önlemlerin, havalimanının muhtemel çevresel etkilerini büyük ölçüde düşüreceğini göstermektedir.Öğe Removal Kinetics of Olive-Mill Wastewater in a Batch-Operated Aerobic Bioreactor(Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2020) Kul, Sinan; Nuhoglu, AlperThis study involves the removal of the olive-mill wastewater (OMW), which is a significant pollutant, in a batch reactor under aerobic conditions by mixed cultures. It also includes comparison of different substrate inhibition models, calculation of kinetic parameters, and testing the merit of the chosen mathematical model with respect to OMW concentration and changes with time. Average initial microorganism concentration (X0) in the batch reactor was 100 +/- 15 mg L-1. During the study the treatment of OMW with initial chemical oxygen demand (S0) concentration between 10 and 1,000 mg COD L-1 was investigated. Maximum specific growth rate (mu max) was reached with 130 mg COD L-1 initial concentration and 3 h experimental duration produced 57.17% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency. Other experiments with increasing initial concentration increased COD removal duration, with 927 mg COD L-1 initial concentration regressing to 8.88% removal efficiency after 3 h. The biokinetic equations of Aiba, Haldane, Tseng, and Yano and Koga were chosen to relate S0 concentration to specific growth rate (mu) and the biokinetic parameters in these equations were calculated. The most appropriate biokinetic equation was the Haldane model in terms of R2 value and the Haldane equation parameters 0.43 h-1, 45.34 mg L-1, and 207.97 mg L-1 were calculated for mu max, half-saturation constant (Ks) and inhibition constant (Ki), respectively. Also, a mathematical biokinetic model including the Haldane equation was used to test the OMW removal performance and it was seen that the chosen model was well able to reflect system behavior. After the calibration of mu max, the most-sensitive parameter of the Haldane model, to 0.22 h-1, the model gave a better fit for all tested conditions.Öğe Removal kinetics of vinyl acetate under aerobic and anoxic conditions in a batch bioreactor(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Celik, Beste Yalcin; Nuhoglu, Alper; Kul, Sinan; Irdemez, SahsetahsetVinyl acetate is a volatile organic compound widely used in the chemical industry, and there is a need for effective and economic removal of this volatile organic compound from wastewater and waste gases in chemical industries. This study aims to determine the biological treatability of vinyl acetate both under aerobic and anoxic conditions using mixed cultures obtained from a wastewater treatment plant. Considering the previous studies in the literature, testing the biodegradability of vinyl acetate under both aerobic and anoxic conditions, together with evaluating the effect of other mechanisms, such as adsorption and volatilization, on the removal of vinyl acetate, can be regarded as the prominent part of this study. Wastewater containing artificially prepared vinyl acetate was treated in a batch bioreactor, and performance and kinetic constants were investigated. Aerobic treatment under batch conditions conformed to the Haldane biokinetic equation, and the biokinetic constants of mu(max), K-s, and K-i were calculated as 0.66 h(-1), 19.67 mg L-1 and 50.56 mg L-1, respectively. Anoxic treatment under batch conditions conformed to the Monod biokinetic equation, and the biokinetic constants of mu(max) and K-s were calculated as 0.31 h(-1) and 33.88 mg L-1, respectively. Experiments revealed that vinyl acetate was not volatile, and its adsorption and biological treatment performances were 28% and 72%, respectively. The mixed culture had a very high performance for removing vinyl acetate under batch operating conditions. The primary mechanism of vinyl acetate removal was found to be biological treatment.Öğe Toprak ve Bitkilerde Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Araştırılması: Bayburt İli Örneği(2021) Kul, Sinan; Gül, Volkan; Cengiz, İbrahimAlternatif tıpta yaygın olarak kullanılan bitkilerden biri olan sarı kantron (Hypericum perforatumL.) karayolları güzergahlarında yaygın olarak yetişmek, ancak insallar tarafından çevre kirliliğininyaratabileceği olumsuz etkiler dikkate alınmadan, bilinçsiz bir şekilde toplanarak tedavi amaçlıkullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Bayburt ilinde yol kenarlarında doğal olarak yetişen Hypericumperforatum L. ve yetiştiği toprağın çevresel faktörlere bağlı olarak ağır metal kirliliğini belirlemekamacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, Hypericum perforatum L. bitkisinin yoğun olarak yetiştiği anabağlantı yolları boyunca 10 farklı noktadan bitki ve toprak örnekleri alınmış ve bu örneklerde Agilent7800 ICP-MS marka endüktif eşleşmiş plazma kütle spektrometresi kullanılarak Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co,Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd ve Pb ağır metallerinin analizleri yapılmıştır. Örneklerin analizleri sonucunda numunealınan bütün noktalarda en yüksek konsantrasyonlar Mg için ölçülmüştür. Bitki örneklerinin ağır metaliçeriği incelendiğinde, yerleşim birimlerinin etkisinde ve Bayburt-Erzincan karayolu üzerinde bulunanA9 noktasında belirlenen Zn haricinde diğer elementlerin normal sınırlar içerisinde olduğu, toprakörneklerinin ağır metal içeriği incelendiğinde ise şehir merkezinde ve Erzurum-Trabzon karayoluüzerinde bulunan A1 ve A2 noktalarında belirlenen Ni haricinde diğer ağır metallerin sınır değerlerinaltında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler sanayileşmenin olmadığı Bayburt ilinde ağır metalkirliliğinin gözardı edilmemesi ve bu tür çalışmaların belirli sıklıklarda tekrarlanarak kirlenmeninarttığı bölgelerde uygun doğal arıtma yöntemlerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabileceğinigöstermektedir.
