Atık sulardan organik kirleticilerin fotokatalitik giderimi için CuO/rGO kompozit nanopartiküllerin sentezi ve karakterizasyonu
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bayburt Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Nanomalzemelere olan ilgi, bu malzemelerin sahip oldukları sıradışı özelliklerden dolayı her geçen gün sürekli artarak devam etmektedir. Günümüzde nanomalzemelerin, günlük yaşamımızda daha fazla görünür olabilmeleri ancak daha fazla miktarlarda ve daha düşük maliyetle üretilebilmeleri ile mümkün olabilecektir. Bunun için çevre dostu, düşük maliyetli, hızlı ve yüksek verimli yeni proseslerin geliştirilmesine hala ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, önemli bir yarı iletken olan CuO nanopartiküllerin ve CuO@rGO kompozit nanopartiküllerin ticari ölçekte üretilebilmelerine imkân sağlayabilecek bir metod geliştirilmesi ve bu yöntemle üretilen nanopartiküllerin atıksularda bulunan organik kirleticilerin gideriminde fotokatalizör olarak kullanılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, birinci aşamada, düşük maliyetli, kolay uygulanabilir ve çevre dostu bir yöntem olan mikrodalga destekli yakma tekniği ile CuO nanopartiküllerin sentezlenebilirliği çalışılmıştır. Sentez çalışmalarında, CuO nanopartiküller ve CuO@rGO kompozit nanopartiküllerin üretimi için iki farklı temel yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. İlk yöntemde klasik yakma metodu uygulanırken ikinci yöntemde çözelti yakma tekniği uygulanmıştır. Her iki yöntemle de CuO@rGO kompozit nanopartiküllerin de üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla modifiye hummers metodu ile laboratuvarda üretilen indirgenmiş grafen oksit (rGO) kullanılmıştır. Kompozit malzemenin üretiminde CuO ve rGO ayrı ayrı sentezlenmiş ve daha sonra birleştirlmiştir (self–assembly). Sentez çalışmalarından elde edilen veriler, CuO nanopartiküller ve CuO@rGO kompozit nanopartiküllerin her iki yöntemle de başarılı bir şekilde sentezlenebildiğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışmalarda, yaklaşık 10-20 nm boyut aralığında bir boyut dağılımına sahip olan nanomalzemeler elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra bu malzemeler atıksulardan Tartrazin olarak bilinen ve gıda endüstrisinde yoğun bir şekilde kullanılan bir boyarmaddenin fotokatalitik oksidasyonla gideriminde fotokatalizör olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu denemelerde başlangıç kirletici konsantrasyonu 50 mg/L olarak uygulanmıştır. Fotokataliz denemelerinde, gerekli ışımayı sağlamak için 4400µW/cm2 ışık yoğunluğuna sahip bir daldırma tip lamba kullanılmıştır. Çözeltinin kendi doğal pH değerinde yapılan denemelerde, hemen hemen sentezlenen tüm katalizörlerle yapılan denemelerde ortamdaki kirletici maddenin tamamen giderilebildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan kinetik incelemede incelenen tüm süreçlerin yalancı 1. derece kinetik modele uyduğu belirlenmiştir
Interest in nanomaterials continues to increase day by day due to the extraordinary properties of these materials. Today, nanomaterials can be more visible in our daily life only if they can be produced in more quantities and at lower costs. For this, there is still a need to develop new environmentally friendly, low-cost, fast, and highly efficient processes. This study aims to develop a method that will allow the commercial-scale production of CuO nanoparticles, which is a crucial semiconductor and CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles. Moreover, synthesized nanomaterials were used as a photocatalyst for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater. In order to improve the photocatalytic activities of the produced CuO nanoparticles, CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles were produced by assembling with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to the structure, and the effect of reduced graphene oxide added to the structure on the photocatalytic activities of CuO nanoparticles was investigated. For this purpose, in the first stage, the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles and CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles with microwave-assisted combustion technique, which is a low-cost, easy-to-apply and environmentally friendly method, was investigated. In synthesis studies, two basic approaches were adopted for the production of CuO nanoparticles and CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles. In the first method, the conventional microwave-assisted combustion method was applied, while the microwave-assisted solution-combustion technique was applied in the second method. Both CuO nanoparticles and CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles were produced by both methods. For this purpose, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) produced in the laboratory by the modified hummers method was used. In the production of the composite material, CuO and rGO were synthesized separately and then assembled (self-assembly). The data obtained from the synthesis studies showed that CuO nanoparticles and CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles could be successfully synthesized by both methods. In these studies, nanomaterials with a size distribution in the size range of about 10-20 nm were obtained. Later, these materials were used as photocatalysts in the photocatalytic oxidation removal of a dyestuff from wastewater, known as Tartrazine, which is used extensively in the food industry. In these trials, the initial pollutant concentration was 50 mg/L. In photocatalysis experiments, an immersion lamp with a light intensity of 4400µW/cm2 was used to provide the required radiation. It has been observed that the pollutant in the environment can be removed entirely in the experiments carried out with the natural pH value of the solution and in the experiments with almost all synthesized catalysts. In addition, in the kinetic analysis, it was determined that all the processes examined fit the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.
Interest in nanomaterials continues to increase day by day due to the extraordinary properties of these materials. Today, nanomaterials can be more visible in our daily life only if they can be produced in more quantities and at lower costs. For this, there is still a need to develop new environmentally friendly, low-cost, fast, and highly efficient processes. This study aims to develop a method that will allow the commercial-scale production of CuO nanoparticles, which is a crucial semiconductor and CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles. Moreover, synthesized nanomaterials were used as a photocatalyst for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater. In order to improve the photocatalytic activities of the produced CuO nanoparticles, CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles were produced by assembling with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to the structure, and the effect of reduced graphene oxide added to the structure on the photocatalytic activities of CuO nanoparticles was investigated. For this purpose, in the first stage, the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles and CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles with microwave-assisted combustion technique, which is a low-cost, easy-to-apply and environmentally friendly method, was investigated. In synthesis studies, two basic approaches were adopted for the production of CuO nanoparticles and CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles. In the first method, the conventional microwave-assisted combustion method was applied, while the microwave-assisted solution-combustion technique was applied in the second method. Both CuO nanoparticles and CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles were produced by both methods. For this purpose, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) produced in the laboratory by the modified hummers method was used. In the production of the composite material, CuO and rGO were synthesized separately and then assembled (self-assembly). The data obtained from the synthesis studies showed that CuO nanoparticles and CuO@rGO composite nanoparticles could be successfully synthesized by both methods. In these studies, nanomaterials with a size distribution in the size range of about 10-20 nm were obtained. Later, these materials were used as photocatalysts in the photocatalytic oxidation removal of a dyestuff from wastewater, known as Tartrazine, which is used extensively in the food industry. In these trials, the initial pollutant concentration was 50 mg/L. In photocatalysis experiments, an immersion lamp with a light intensity of 4400µW/cm2 was used to provide the required radiation. It has been observed that the pollutant in the environment can be removed entirely in the experiments carried out with the natural pH value of the solution and in the experiments with almost all synthesized catalysts. In addition, in the kinetic analysis, it was determined that all the processes examined fit the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Kimya Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kimya, Chemistry
