DFT-based structural and energetic characterisation of nitrogen-rich tetrazine/triazine derivatives with Kamlet-Jacobs performance predictions

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dc.contributor.authorEkincioglu, Yavuz
dc.contributor.authorKepceoglu, Abdullah
dc.contributor.authorCakir, Zehra
dc.contributor.authorSenturk, Sukru
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-28T12:17:56Z
dc.date.available2026-02-28T12:17:56Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentBayburt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractNitrogen-rich heterocycles are attractive candidates for next-generation energetic materials because they can deliver high heats of formation while producing relatively benign, N2-rich decomposition products. In this work, three nitrogen-rich frameworks 3,6-bis(tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (H2BTTz), 2,4,6-tris(tetrazol-5-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (H3TTT), and 2,3,5,6-tetra(tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazine (H4TTP) were investigated using a combined conformational sampling and density functional theory (DFT) approach. Initial conformational searches were carried out with the MMFF method, and the lowest-energy structures were optimised at the DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level a widely used compromise between accuracy and computational cost for nitrogen-rich energetic molecules. Electronic structure analyses included frontier molecular orbitals, Mulliken and natural population charges, and molecular electrostatic potential maps. Energetic performance was evaluated through heats of formation, detonation velocity and pressure, and impact sensitivity estimates. Topological descriptors such as ELF, LOL, and NCI were analyzed using Multiwfn program. The calculated HOMO - LUMO gaps (3.54-4.90 eV) indicate electronically stable molecular frameworks. Gas-phase formation enthalpies were converted to condensed-phase values using a sublimation correction, and detonation properties were estimated via the Kamlet-Jacobs equations. The predicted performance follows the order H4TTP > H(2)BTTz > H3TTT. Although their detonation performance is lower than that of FOX-7 and CL-20, these nitrogen-rich systems remain promising candidates for reduced-sensitivity energetic materials and merit further experimental investigation.
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/00268976.2026.2615022
dc.identifier.issn0026-8976
dc.identifier.issn1362-3028
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2026.2615022
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/6030
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001672927400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofMolecular Physics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260218
dc.subjectNitrogen-rich energetic materials
dc.subjectDFT
dc.subjectelectronic properties
dc.subjectKamlet-Jacobs
dc.subjectdetonation velocity/pressure
dc.titleDFT-based structural and energetic characterisation of nitrogen-rich tetrazine/triazine derivatives with Kamlet-Jacobs performance predictions
dc.typeArticle

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