İSLAM HUKUK FELSEFESİ BAĞLAMINDA KRİTİK-ANALİTİK DÜŞÜNME FIKIH İLİŞKİSİ
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Tarih
2016
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İnsanı diğer varlıklardan ayıran ve mükerrem kılan en önemli özellik; doğru ile yanlışı ayırabilmesi, akıllı olması, zihinsel işlevlere sahip olması, dolayısıyla kendini bilmesi, Rabbi'ni tanımasıdır. Kişinin ilahi mesajları anlaması, lehinde ve aleyhinde olan hükümleri bilmesi; onun akıllı, düşünebilen, bilinçli, muhakeme edebilen yeterli hafızaya sahip, farkında, basîretli ve ferasetli olmasına bağlıdır. Bu nedenle insanın mükellef olmasının başında akıllı ve baliğ olma şartı aranır. Fıkıh ilminin "İnsanın lehinde ve aleyhinde olan şer'î ve amelî hükümleri bilmesidir." şeklinde tarif edilmesi bu vasıflarının varlığına râcidir. İnsanın, maslahatına ve mefsedetine olan hükümleri bilerek hakikate ulaşması, fakih olmasına, kritik analitik düşünmesine ve bu düşünceyi hayat tarzı haline getirmesine bağlıdır. Fıkıh, Şârî Teâlâ'nın emir ve yasaklarından istinbât edilerek çıkarılan, insan fiilleriyle ilgili konulardır. İnsanın Allah'la olan ilişkilerini düzenleyen ibadetlerle ilgili hükümlerden muamelat hükümlerine kadar hayatın her aşamasında, zihinsel işlevlerini ve süreçlerini etkili kılarak, ilahi hükümleri anlamak, hikmet-i teşriyi bilmek ve bunları ana gayeler doğrultusunda uygulamak, fıkhetmenin amacı ve gereğidir. Fıkıh bu özelliğiyle temelde teşriye uygun olarak hedef belirlemiş olur. Bu çerçevede fıkıh usulü ilmi yanında, kutsal metinlerin anlaşılmasında bir metot olan hermeneutik kavramı da, insan fiillerinin ve genel yaşantısının yorumlanması, anlaşılması olarak da ifade edilir. Bu makalede kritik analitik düşünme olan zihinsel becerilerin, dingin olarak, gerçekleştirmek istediği hedeflerle fıkıh ilminin hedefleri karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilecektir
The most significant characteristic discrimination of human rather than other creatures and making him reverend is his ability to separate the right and the wrong, having mental functions, thus, knowing himself and his Lord. One’s understanding the divine messages, knowing the provisions for and against him depends on his being intelligent, regardful, conscious, having the enough ability to judge, being aware and having foresight and perception. Therefore, the first qualification of being intelligent and pubescent. The description of the fiqh as man’s knowing the shariah and practice provisions for and against him’ is the evidence of the corporeity of these qualifications. Man’s reaching the truth depends on his awareness of his affairs and faintings, his being scribe, thinking analytically and critically and making it his lifestyle. Fiqh includes the man’s behaviours which are taken attesting to the God’s orders and prohibitions. The aim and the necessity of fiqh is to understand the divine provisions and the wise in accordance with the main aims, with making effective the mental functions and processes at every phase of worship and procedure provisions that forms the relationship between the man and Allah. With this characteristic, fiqh sets a target suitable mainly to the legislation. Within this scope, alongside fiqh, hermeneutic which is a way of understanding divine is also considered as the interpretation and comprehension of the man’s main actions and life. In this aticle, the aims of the abilities, which are critical and analytical thinking and aims of fiqh will be evaluated with comparing the aims
The most significant characteristic discrimination of human rather than other creatures and making him reverend is his ability to separate the right and the wrong, having mental functions, thus, knowing himself and his Lord. One’s understanding the divine messages, knowing the provisions for and against him depends on his being intelligent, regardful, conscious, having the enough ability to judge, being aware and having foresight and perception. Therefore, the first qualification of being intelligent and pubescent. The description of the fiqh as man’s knowing the shariah and practice provisions for and against him’ is the evidence of the corporeity of these qualifications. Man’s reaching the truth depends on his awareness of his affairs and faintings, his being scribe, thinking analytically and critically and making it his lifestyle. Fiqh includes the man’s behaviours which are taken attesting to the God’s orders and prohibitions. The aim and the necessity of fiqh is to understand the divine provisions and the wise in accordance with the main aims, with making effective the mental functions and processes at every phase of worship and procedure provisions that forms the relationship between the man and Allah. With this characteristic, fiqh sets a target suitable mainly to the legislation. Within this scope, alongside fiqh, hermeneutic which is a way of understanding divine is also considered as the interpretation and comprehension of the man’s main actions and life. In this aticle, the aims of the abilities, which are critical and analytical thinking and aims of fiqh will be evaluated with comparing the aims
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