Tekstil atığı reaktif boyar maddelerin çimento katkı maddesi olarak değerlendirilmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bayburt Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ülkemiz dünyada tekstil sanayinde önemli bir yere sahiptir ve bu alanda faaliyet gösteren çok sayıda fabrika bulunmaktadır. Boyar maddelerin yeniden değerlendirilmesi ile ilgili farklı yöntemler kullanılmakla birlikte tam olarak arıtım gerçekleştirilememektedir. Atık giderimi günümüzde çeşitli sektörlerde oldukça günceldir ve bu yolla bir yandan oluşan atığın yol açacağı çevre problemlerinden kurtulunurken diğer yandan endüstriyel değerlendirme ve ekonomiye katkı sağlanmaktadır. İnşaat sektöründe özellikle çimento üretiminde kullanılabilen sanayi atık ürünleri genel olarak betonun mekanik, fiziksel, durabilite, işlenebilirlik gibi özelliklerini geliştirirler. Çimento üretiminde kullanılan çeşitli kimyasal katkılar çimento üreticilerinin farklı fiziksel özelliğe sahip ürünleri daha ekonomik maliyetle üretmelerini sağlar. Çoğunlukla organik bileşiklerden oluşan bu katkılar (öğütme yardımcıları, öğütme kolaylaştırıcıları); dayanım, su geçirimsizliği, priz süresi ve hacimce genleşme gibi çimentonun bazı özelliklerinde iyileşme sağlarlar. Tekstil atık sularıyla birlikte çevreye deşarj edilen boyar maddeler aslında çimentolarda katkı olarak kullanılan organik maddelere benzer özellikler taşırlar. Bu çalışmada, halen piyasada yoğun olarak kullanılan Reaktive Yellow 37, Reaktive Turkuaz Blue 21, Reaktive Brill Blue 220, Raktive Navy Blue 250 boyar maddelerinin portland çimentosu hidratasyonuna etkileri ve katkı maddesi olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırıldı. Bu amaçla boyar maddeler (ağırlıkça %0,001-0,002-0,004-0,009-0,020-0,040 oranlarında) ile hazırlanan çözeltiler ve tekstil atık suyunun içerdiği sodyum karbonat ilave edilerek oluşturulan model çözeltiler, çimentolar için karışım suyu olarak kullanıldı. Normal su yerine karışım suyu olarak kullanılan bu çözeltilerin CEM I (42,5 R) çimentosunun priz süresi, dayanımlar, hacimce genleşme, su/çimento oranı gibi özelliklerine etkileri belli periyotlarda hidrasyonları izopropil alkolle durdurularak hidratasyon ürünlerinin gelişimleri, DSC-TG-DTG, FTIR, X-ışınları kırınımı teknikleriyle izlendi. Eklenen boyarmaddelerin çimentoların su/çimento oranlarını eklenen boyarmadde miktarına bağlı olarak azalttığı, basınç dayanımlarını artırdığı, çimento özelliklerine olumsuz etki oluşturmadığı ve renkli beton üretimi için başarıyla kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşıldı. Ayrıca bu şekilde bir kullanımla: bir yandan önemli bir çevre probleminin çözümüne katkı sağlanırken diğer yandan çimento sanayi için de atık maddelerden alternatif kimyasal katkı elde edilmiş ve endüstriyel atık değerlendirilmiş olacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tekstil atık suyu, reaktif boya, çimento katkısı, çimento hidratasyonu.
Our country has an important place in the textile industry in the world and many factories are operating in this field. Although different methods are used for the re-evaluation of dyes, complete purification cannot be performed. Waste removal is quite up-to-date in various sectors today and in this way, on the one hand, while getting rid of the environmental problems caused by the waste generated, on the other hand, industrial evaluation and contribution to the economy are provided. Industrial waste products, which can be used in the construction sector, especially in cement production, generally improve the properties of concrete such as mechanical, physical, durability and workability. Various chemical additives used in cement production allow cement manufacturers to produce products with different physical properties at a more economical cost. These additives, which are mostly composed of organic compounds (grinding aids, grinding facilitators); provide improvement in some properties of cement such as strength, water impermeability, setting time and volume expansion. Dyestuffs discharged to the environment with textile wastewaters show similar properties to organic substances used as additives in cement. In this study, the effects of Reagent Yellow 37, Reagent Turquoise Blue 21, Reagent Brill Blue 220 and Reagent Navy Blue 250 dyes, which are still widely used in the market, on the hydration of Portland cement and their use as additives were investigated. Dyes for this purpose (by weight %0,001-0,002-0,004-0,009-0,02-0,04 rates) contained in the wastewater generated by textiles prepared with the addition of sodium carbonate solutions and model solutions, were used as mixing water for concrete. Mixing water instead of normal water, these solutions are used as Cem I (42.5 R) the setting time of cement, the strength, water pressure, water/cement ratio of the effects of characteristics such as the development of hydration products with isopropyl alcohol in certain periods of hydration stopped by DSC-TG-DTG, FTIR and X-ray diffraction techniques was monitored. It was concluded that the added dyestuffs reduce the water / cement ratios of cements depending on the amount of added dyestuff, increase their compressive strength, do not have a negative effect on cement properties and can be successfully used for the production of colored concrete. Also use it this way: on the one hand, while contributing to the solution of an important environmental problem on the other hand, alternative materials were obtained from chemical additives for cement industry waste, and industrial waste will be evaluated. Keywords: Textile wastewater, reactive dye, cement additive, cement hydration.
Our country has an important place in the textile industry in the world and many factories are operating in this field. Although different methods are used for the re-evaluation of dyes, complete purification cannot be performed. Waste removal is quite up-to-date in various sectors today and in this way, on the one hand, while getting rid of the environmental problems caused by the waste generated, on the other hand, industrial evaluation and contribution to the economy are provided. Industrial waste products, which can be used in the construction sector, especially in cement production, generally improve the properties of concrete such as mechanical, physical, durability and workability. Various chemical additives used in cement production allow cement manufacturers to produce products with different physical properties at a more economical cost. These additives, which are mostly composed of organic compounds (grinding aids, grinding facilitators); provide improvement in some properties of cement such as strength, water impermeability, setting time and volume expansion. Dyestuffs discharged to the environment with textile wastewaters show similar properties to organic substances used as additives in cement. In this study, the effects of Reagent Yellow 37, Reagent Turquoise Blue 21, Reagent Brill Blue 220 and Reagent Navy Blue 250 dyes, which are still widely used in the market, on the hydration of Portland cement and their use as additives were investigated. Dyes for this purpose (by weight %0,001-0,002-0,004-0,009-0,02-0,04 rates) contained in the wastewater generated by textiles prepared with the addition of sodium carbonate solutions and model solutions, were used as mixing water for concrete. Mixing water instead of normal water, these solutions are used as Cem I (42.5 R) the setting time of cement, the strength, water pressure, water/cement ratio of the effects of characteristics such as the development of hydration products with isopropyl alcohol in certain periods of hydration stopped by DSC-TG-DTG, FTIR and X-ray diffraction techniques was monitored. It was concluded that the added dyestuffs reduce the water / cement ratios of cements depending on the amount of added dyestuff, increase their compressive strength, do not have a negative effect on cement properties and can be successfully used for the production of colored concrete. Also use it this way: on the one hand, while contributing to the solution of an important environmental problem on the other hand, alternative materials were obtained from chemical additives for cement industry waste, and industrial waste will be evaluated. Keywords: Textile wastewater, reactive dye, cement additive, cement hydration.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering
