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Öğe Assessment of waste-to-energy potential of ELT management: An actual case study for Erzincan(Wiley, 2022) Gungor, Osman; Tozlu, Alperen; Arslanturk, CihatEnd-of-life tires (ELTs) and their decomposition are becoming a major environmental issue in the local region as a result of economic and technological challenges. Despite this, ELT management is gaining popularity as an advanced function for treating tires to obtain char, oil, and gas products using pyrolysis. The main goal of this article is to integrate data from an actual recycling plant with the activities of pyrolysis products and their physical properties in the literature. This article presents energy potentials and basic applications of pyrolysis products as well as advances in the current situation in ELT management in the world. Accordingly, an existing ELT management in Erzincan, Turkey is explained in detail by considering the available energy recovery and material treatment activities. In this plant, which has an installed power capacity of 12 MW, approximately 25 tons of pyrolytic oil, 10.7 tons of pyrolytic gas, 24 tons of carbon black and, 10.4 tons of steel are produced daily. The calorific values of carbon black and pyrolytic oil for the products leaving the pyrolysis plant are close to the values in the literature, which is promising. In the plant, the overall thermal efficiency of the system and the engine is found to be 26.34% and 51.24%, respectively. On the other hand, to supply additional power to the plant utilizing exhaust gas discharged to the atmosphere, some thermodynamic models can be developed; additionally, more rational values can be obtained through thermoeconomic and optimization.Öğe Biyobozunur Katı Atık Tesislerinin Termodinamik, Termoekonomik Analiz Ve Optimizasyonları Çerçevesinde Yenilenebilir Enerji Potansiyellerinin Araştırılması Ve Sıfır Atık Yaklaşımıyla Sürdürülebilir Modellerin Geliştirilmesi(2016) Özahi, Emrah; Tozlu, Alperen; Abuşoğlu, AyşegülBu çalışmada, Gaziantep'te bulunan Gaziantep Katı Atıktan Enerji Üretim Tesisi'nin gerçek çalışma verileri kullanılarak termodinamik ve termoekonomik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sistemin termodinamik analizlerin gerçekle?tirilmesi için ASPEN Plus Engineering ve Engineering Equation Solver (EES) programları kullanılmı?tır. Tesisin enerji ve ekserji verimleri sırasıyla, %39,57 ve % 56,29 olarak bulunmuştur. Termoekonomik analizler ise \"özgül ekserji maliyetlendirme\" (SPECO) yöntemi ile yapılmı? ve yapılan analizler sonucunda sistemin amortisman süresinin 5,82 yıl olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca sistemin atık ısısının geri kazanılması amacıyla beş farklı model geliştirilmiş ve geliştirilen modellerin termodinamik ve termoekonomik analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan tüm termodinamik ve termoekonomik analizler sonucunda model 2 (gaz türbin çevrimi ile elektrik üretimi) sisteme entegrasyonu yapılabilecek en uygun model olarak bulunmuştur. Model 2 için yapılan temodinamik analiz ile sistemin enerji verimi % 47,16 ekserji verimi ise % 61,83 olarak bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte 2. model 3,7 yıl gibi kısa bir amortisman süresi ile sisteme fazladan 1287 kW'lık güç sağlayabilecektir. Geliştirilen modeller ve yapılan analizler ile Türkiye'de ilk defa bir katı atıktan enerji üretim tesisi için geniş kapsamda bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmanın bir diğer özgün yanı ise proje kapsamında geliştirilen modellerin Türkiye'de bulunan diğer katı atıktan enerji üretim tesisleri için de sıfır atık kapsamında değerlendirilebilir olmasıdır.Öğe A comparative thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of two different combined cycles by utilizing waste heat source of an MSWPP(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Ozahi, Emrah; Abusoglu, Aysegul; Tozlu, AlperenIn this paper, thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis as well as genetic algorithm optimization of two combined cycles, a gas turbine-organic Rankine cycle (GT-ORC) and a gas turbine-Kalina cycle (GT-KAL) are carried out. The novelty of this study is that the cycles are adapted to an actual solid waste power plant to generate additional power from the exhaust gas. Thus, the power generation capacity of the actual power plant can be raised by using the combined cycle. Due to this reason, besides the thermodynamic analysis of the cycles, thermoeconomic analyses and optimizations are also very important in order to improve the actual system capacity. The net power output of GT-ORC and GT-KAL are found to be 1.51 MW and 1.59 MW, respectively. The results obtained are seen to be reasonable when compared to the net power output of the power plant (5.66 MW). Another originality of this study is that the thermoeconomic results are improved by utilizing a multi-objective optimization method namely non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm method (NSGA-II). Thus, the two objectives, total power output and the total cost rate, at the design stage of the cycles are optimized and enhanced. Due to the optimization results, it is found that the net power output of the GT-ORC and GT-KAL are increased by 11.34% and 0.99%, respectively, while the total cost rates are decreased by 18.59% and 1.31%, respectively. GTORC with the net power output of 1.70 MW is seen to be more efficient as compared to GT-KAL which produces a net power output of 1.61 MW. However, the total and the capital cost rates of GT-ORC are found to be higher than those of GT-KAL.Öğe Comparison of Drying Performances of Red and Green Apple Particles in a Tray Dryer(2019) Tozlu, AlperenThe green and the red apples were selected as drying materials in order to dry in a tray dryer for this study. Theywere washed with distilled water to wipe out all contaminants that can be affected negatively the results ofexperiment and they were chopped to the same dimensions. The length, width and thickness of each apple piecewere adjusted as 65 mm, 37 mm and 12 mm, respectively. The apple particles were weighed with precisionscales and they were grouped into 50 g, 100 g and 200 g. Then the particles were placed in the tray dryer foreach set of experiments. Thereafter, drying process was carried out at different weights of red and green appleparticles (mp), drying air velocity (U) and drying temperatures (Td). Herein, the moisture content (MC) isconsidered as the significant parameter in order to express the drying performance of drying materials.Moreover, energetic efficiency and normalized moisture content are compared with the empiric equation, whichis proposed for the drying systems. The experimental study is performed with the range of 50 g ? mp ? 200 g,18 % ? MC ? 614.29 %, 0.03 ? MR ? 1, 59 oC ? Td ? 99 oC and 0.992 m/s ? U ? 1.488 m/s. The result of thisstudy is that the red apple particles have better drying performance at same conditions due to its physicalproperties when compared to green apple particlesÖğe District heating and electricity production based on biogas produced from municipal WWTPs in Turkey: A comprehensive case study(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Abusoglu, Aysegul; Tozlu, Alperen; Anvari-Moghaddam, AmjadIn this paper, district heating (DH) potentials of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) based on their biogas, electricity, and heat productions are considered. Two district heating scenarios are developed: (i) DH Scenario I which is based on both excess biogas storage of the WWTP and exhaust gas of the cogeneration with the actual power output, (ii) DH Scenario II which is based on the exhaust gas of the cogeneration with the increased power output using all the biogas produced. In DH Scenario I, it is found that 458 dwellings can be heated via the DH system proposed considering only the waste heat of the cogeneration. In addition, the natural gas consumption of 1112 dwellings with the same annual heating load can also be met using the purified biogas. In DH Scenario II, the electricity production could be increased to 1643 kWh by burning all the biogas produced in the cogeneration plant. In this scenario, the annual heating load of 755 dwellings in Gaziantep province can be covered using the waste heat in the DH system. The payback period for the DH Scenario I is calculated as 2.5 years, while for the DH Scenario II, it is obtained as 2 years. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe District heating based on exhaust gas produced from end-of-life tires in Erzincan: Thermoeconomic analysis and optimization(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Guengo, Osman; Tozlu, Alperen; Arslantuerk, Cihat; Oezahi, EmrahThis paper presents the thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of the Erzincan Waste Tire Recycling and Power Plant (EWTRPP) in Turkey and its waste heat-based district heating (DH) system. A thermoeconomical method, namely the specific exergy costing (SPECO), is applied to allocate cost flows through subcomponents of an actual existing plant. Besides, the obtained thermoeconomic results are improved by using an optimization method, namely non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), considering the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged to the atmosphere (T25), the thermal conductivity value of the insulation material (ki) and pipe roughness value (s). The energy and exergy efficiencies of the existing plant are found to be 27.37% and 35.57%, respectively, considering the data of the actual plant. Moreover, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the waste heat-based DH system are found to be 43.08% and 55.99%, respectively. The total cost rate of the overall system is deduced 13.98 $/hby means of SPECO method. According to the results of the NSGA-II optimization method, the exergy efficiency and total cost rate of the overall system are evaluated as 6.93% and -2.51 $/h, respectively. Furthermore, it is also proposed that 1304 dwellings can be heated owing to the DH system utilizing the existing exhaust gas.Öğe Investigation of Shale Gas Reserves in The World and A Case Study for Electricity Production from Shale Gas in Turkey(2021) Öztekin, Erman Kadir; Tozlu, AlperenShale gas reserves, which is globally accepted as unconventional gas resource, scattered around the world and can be used in order to meet the growing energy needs due to limited amounts of conventional resources. Since notable effort has to be put in order to investigate and drill shale gas resources the early decision has to be made carefully, especially considering the economic benefits. Several factors must be considered including the known technically recoverable shale gas amount at the selected region, current technology to drill the shale source and the amount of investment before the extraction of shale gas. In this study, global underground shale gas amount and recent discoveries as well as the potential shale gas areas in Turkey are presented. Benefits of using shale gas for electricity generation and common methods being used during shale gas extraction are studied along with gas and liquid flow mechanisms. At the end, general overview of separation and utilization of shale gas components is schematically presented. In the case study, the potential of electricity generation in the SE Anatolia region in Turkey is estimated with only using methane obtained from the shale gas purification process at the power generation step. According to the estimations, 3337.8 MW electric power may be generated for 50~55 years, at the appropriate gas engine by using 8.5 billion cubic meter shale gas annually.Öğe Municipal solid waste-based district heating and electricity production: A case study(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Tozlu, Alperen; Abusoglu, Aysegul; Ozahi, Emrah; Anvari-Moghaddam, AmjadIn this paper, municipal solid waste (MSW) based electricity production and district heating (DH) potential of Turkey are considered. Three MSW based waste-to-energy (WtE) scenarios is developed: (i) Scenario-I, a DH system integrated into a gas turbine power plant (GTPP), (ii) Scenario-II, a DH system integrated into an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), and (iii) Scenario-III, which is based solely on a DH system. As a result of the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analyzes of these developed scenarios using an existing MSW-based cogeneration facility's actual operating data, the system with the most extended payback period (about 5 years) is found as the GTPP-DH system developed in Scenario-I, which also has the highest investment cost. On the other hand, the system with the shortest payback period (about 2 years) is found as the DH system developed in Scenario-III, which also has the lowest investment cost. Overall exergy efficiencies of the GTTP-DH, ORC-DH, and DH systems are found to be 41.86%, 16.15%, and 31.87%, respectively. When the developed WtE scenarios adapted to the pilot provinces selected from each geographical region of Turkey, it is found that the GTPP system developed in Scenario-I can increase the power generation capacity of MSW plants for each province by about 20%. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Optimization of an adapted Kalina cycle to an actual municipal solid waste power plant by using NSGA-II method(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Ozahi, Emrah; Tozlu, AlperenIn this paper thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analyses and even optimization of a Kalina cycle (KC) which is adapted to an actual solid waste power plant with a 5.66 MW installed capacity are presented as an alternative solution which is utilized to produce additional power from the exhaust gas of the plant. Up to now there is almost no study related with an adapted KC to a typical municipal solid waste power plant, and also no study based on an optimization, thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analyses of such a system together. All these facts show the novelty of this study. Herein the waste heat with a temperature of 566 degrees C is utilized by the adapted KC. According to the analyses of the first and second law of thermodynamics on the system, it is deduced that the electricity of 954.6 kW can be produced with the exergy efficiency of 24.15%. Furthermore, this power production can be improved by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm method (NSGA-II) in MATLAB software program. According to the optimization study, the deviations of the net power output and the total cost rate are found to be +3.62% and -1.47 $/h, respectively for the cycle. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Organik Rankine çevrimi entegre edilmiş S-CO2 kullanılan bir gaz türbin çevriminin termodinamik ve termoekonomik analizi(2018) Tozlu, Alperen; Özahi, Emrah; Abuşoğlu, AyşegülBu çalışmada, Organik Rankine Çevrimi (ORÇ) entegre edilmiş süperkritik CO2'nin (S-CO2) aracı akışkanolarak kullanıldığı bir gaz türbin çevrimi modeli gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sistemin termodinamik analizleriASPEN Plus ve EES programları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Termodinamik analizler sonucunda, önerilensistemin elektrik üretim kapasitesi, enerji ve ekserji verimleri sırasıyla 1530,88 kW, % 23,30 ve % 59,60olarak bulunmuştur. Sistemin termoekonomik analizi için ikinci kanuna bağlı maliyet hesabı yöntemleriarasında yaygın olarak kullanılan özgül ekserji maliyetlendirme (SPECO) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Önerilensistemde üretilecek elektriğin birim maliyeti 1 kW-saat için 7,28 ve toplam 1530,88 kW-saat elektriküretim bedeli için ise 111,43 olarak hesaplanmıştır. ORÇ entegre edilmiş S-CO2 kullanılan gaz türbinçevrim sisteminin toplam yatırım maliyeti ve üretilecek elektriğin maliyeti ile satış bedeli arasındaki farkdikkate alınarak sistemden elde edilecek yıllık kar 741.146 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan termoekonomikanaliz neticesinde sistemin amortisman süresi 4,09 yıl olarak bulunmuştur.Öğe Techno-economic assessment of a synthetic fuel production facility by hydrogenation of CO2 captured from biogas(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Tozlu, AlperenIn this study, a thermodynamic and economic analysis of a synthetic fuel production facility by utilizing the hydrogenation of CO2 captured from biogas is carried out. It is aimed to produce methanol, a synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. A PEM electrolyzes driven by grid-tie solar PV modules is used to supply the hydrogen need of methanol. The CO2 is captured from biogas produced in an actual wastewater treatment plant by a water washing unit which is a method of biogas purification. The required power which is generated by PV panels, in order to produce methanol, is found to be 2923 kW. Herein, the electricity consumption of 2875 kW, which is the main part of the total electricity generation, belongs to the PEM system. As a result of the study, the daily methanol production is found to be as 1674 kg. The electricity, hydrogen and methanol production costs are found to be $ 0.043 kWh(-1), $ 3.156 kg(-1), and $ 0.693 kg(-1), respectively. Solar availability, methanol yield from the reactor, and PEM overpotentials are significant factors effecting the product cost. The results of the study presents feasible methanol production costs with reasonable investment requirements. Moreover, the efficiency of the cogeneration plant could be increased via enriching the biogas while emissions are reduced. (C) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Thermodynamic feasibility analysis of a newly modified absorption power cycle running with LiBr-water(Wiley, 2021) Tozlu, Alperen; Yosaf, Salem A.; ozcan, HasanThis study thermodynamically evaluates a newly modified absorption power cycle (APC) working with Lithium Bromide-Water (LiBr-H2O) solution and compares it with the conventional Rankine, one-stage, and three-stage APC systems. An additional steam condenser is integrated to the conventional APC and part of pure water is extracted and pumped back to the high-pressure side without passing through the absorber of the cycle. In order to specify the best system parameters, parametric optimization of all configurations is evaluated. The Rankine cycle and the modified APC have better thermodynamic performances than those of the conventional and the three-stage APC at generator temperatures. The conventional APC is found to improve the cycle performance at low generator pressure. However, the efficiencies of this cycle start to decrease when generator pressure increases. In contrast, the Rankine cycle and the modified APC have larger working ranges of generator pressure.Öğe Thermoeconomic analysis of a hybrid cogeneration plant with use of near-surface geothermal sources in Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Tozlu, Alperen; Gencaslan, Betul; Ozcan, HasanIn this study, thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analyses of systems that produce electricity and heat through the use and storage of solar energy and near-surface geothermal sources are carried out. Three different configurations, which are the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), cogeneration system (CGN) and hybrid system (HYB), are coupled to the parabolic trough collector (PTC) system. The systems are named PTC-ORC, PTC-CGN and PTC-HYB are conducted. The reference system called PTC-ORC only produces electrical energy with parabolic trough collectors and it does not have a thermal energy storage system, whereas in PTC-CGN, in addition to the cogeneration of electricity and heat, thermal energy storage is also available. Finally, thermodynamic and economic analyses are conducted in the PTC-HYB with the assistance of near-surface geothermal energy, which is widely available in Turkey. In this study, the actual data of Ankara Kizilcahamam near-surface geothermal fields are taken as the heat source for the hybrid system. These facilities, each producing 1 MW of electricity, are first optimized with the help of parametric studies, and exergoeconomic analysis is performed with respect to optimum thermal conditions. The electricity production costs of PTC-ORC, PTC-CGN and PTC-HYB are found to be 0.257 $/kWh, 0.448 $/kWh and 0.401 $/kWh, respectively. The study demonstrates that thermal energy storage brings extra costs, while near-surface geothermal sources may help decrease energy costs from renewables. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Thermoeconomic analysis of a low-temperature waste-energy assisted power and hydrogen plant at off-NG grid region(Elsevier, 2022) Tozlu, Alperen; Kayabasi, Erhan; Ozcan, HasanIn this study, thermoeconomic analysis of a CO2 power cycle and PEM hydrogen system using ultra-low temperature waste heat from a milk production facility is conducted. In the transcritical CO2 cycle, low-temperature LNG evaporation is used for cooling the condenser to increase the temperature difference enabling low temperature waste heat use. In addition, a PEM electrolyzer produces hydrogen to reduce the LNG requirement at the plant. A CO2-water exchanger has been designed to recover the pasteurized water's excess heat and evaporate the CO2 using Simcenter-Flomaster software. The inlet mass flow rates and outlet temperatures of the heat exchanger were optimized by performing thermoecomic analysis, and the thermal and economic performance of the facility was examined. The power cycle has 14% higher efficiency when LNG is used as the heat sink compared to ambient temperature condensation with an electricity production cost range at 0.05-0.11 $/kWh, and the hydrogen generation cost is between $2.6-5.20 kg(-1). It is found that the plant could only be economically feasible when less than 50% of the power produced is used for hydrogen generation. Consequently, the proposed system can co-generate power and on-demand hydrogen in off-NG grid regions with reasonable investment and product costs.Öğe An Updated Portrait of Numerical Analyses on Spout-Fluidized Bed Incineration Systems(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2020) Ozahi, Emrah; Cutay, Arif; Abusoglu, Aysegul; Tozlu, AlperenBiodegradable wastes are becoming a serious problem in terms of health and ecological balance in parallel with the increasing of local and global populations in recent years. These wastes should be disposed in both efficient and eco-friendly ways. Considering biodegradable wastes as an energy source, it is necessary to be sure that those disposal methods should be focused on energy recovery. However, the existing waste disposal methods have not reached technologically targeted lines yet. It is very important that waste-to-energy recovery systems should have high energy conversion efficiency. Nowadays, there are many current studies based on the methods of wastes incineration. One of the most significant among these systems is fluidized or spout-fluidized bed incineration system. Unfortunately, the targeted points of the technological development of these systems in view of efficient energy recovery have not been reached yet. Existing incineration systems and current studies on this issue are generally concentrated on conventional fluidized bed systems. However, there are few studies of new generation spout-fluidized bed incineration systems which increase homogeneity and prevent waste from adhering to inner wall of a combustor. This study is focused on the conducted numerical studies in this research field. The latest developments and researches on both fluidized and spout-fluidized bed incineration systems will be investigated and discussed. The remarkable results will be pointed out by using the comparison in order to identify the gaps of the scientific literature.
