Effects of Graphite Incorporation and Annealing on the Structural, Tribological, and Functional Properties of Electroless Ni-B Coatings

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dc.authorid0000-0003-3060-1619
dc.contributor.authorBulbul, Ferhat
dc.contributor.authorKara, Adem
dc.contributor.authorBulbul, Leman Elif
dc.contributor.authorGunes, Kubra
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-28T12:17:43Z
dc.date.available2026-02-28T12:17:43Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentBayburt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study explores the synergistic effects of graphite nanoparticles (0.1 wt.%) and thermal annealing (100-600 degrees C) on electroless Ni-B coatings for AISI 4140 steel. Graphite-enabled multifunctional performance-crystallization control, friction reduction, and antibacterial activity-are unlike conventional Ni-B systems. XRD showed amorphous-to-crystalline (Ni3B/Ni2B) transformation, with graphite acting as a nucleation agent below 300 degrees C before degrading at 600 degrees C. The 300 degrees C-annealed composite achieved optimal properties: 0.2 friction coefficient (75% lower than uncoated steel), 60% higher wear resistance, and hardness of 777 HV (+ 3.6% over as-deposited), attributed to graphite lubrication and nanocrystalline Ni3B formation. Antibacterial tests revealed a 3.4-mm inhibition zone against E. coli, though efficacy declined at higher temperatures due to graphite oxidation. All composites maintained superhydrophilicity (contact angle approximate to 0 degrees) without mechanical compromise. By correlating annealing temperature with microstructure, this work provides a design framework for Ni-B/graphite coatings combining low friction (mu = 0.2), high hardness (785 HV), and antibacterial functionality-addressing critical needs for wear-resistant, hygienic surfaces in biomedical and industrial applications.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11837-025-07968-x
dc.identifier.endpage1446
dc.identifier.issn1047-4838
dc.identifier.issn1543-1851
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105022624251
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage1421
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-025-07968-x
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/5947
dc.identifier.volume78
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001616636100001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofJom
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260218
dc.subjectW COATINGS
dc.subjectP/NI-B
dc.subjectNICKEL
dc.subjectDEPOSITION
dc.subjectBEHAVIOR
dc.subjectWEAR
dc.subjectELECTRODEPOSITION
dc.subjectHARDNESS
dc.titleEffects of Graphite Incorporation and Annealing on the Structural, Tribological, and Functional Properties of Electroless Ni-B Coatings
dc.typeArticle

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