Progressive Smartphone Restriction Combined with Psychoeducational Guidance and Pre-Sleep Autonomic Regulation Improves Sleep Efficiency and Time-of-Day Cognitive Performance in Physically Active Students with Nomophobia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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dc.contributor.authorBen Alaya, Wiem
dc.contributor.authorDhahbi, Wissem
dc.contributor.authorSouissi, Mohamed Abdelkader
dc.contributor.authorJebabli, Nidhal
dc.contributor.authorCeylan, Halil Ibrahim
dc.contributor.authorCeylan, Nagihan Burcak
dc.contributor.authorSouissi, Nizar
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-01T15:52:34Z
dc.date.available2026-09-01T15:52:34Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentBayburt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractAim: This study compared the effects of standard evening smartphone restriction with an adapted intervention combining progressive restriction, psychoeducational guidance, and pre-sleep relaxation on sleep, psychological state, cognitive performance, and physical performance in physically active physical education students with moderate-to-high nomophobia. Methods: Thirty participants (age 21.9 +/- 1.2 years; intermediate chronotype) completed a randomized controlled trial consisting of a 7-day baseline period, a 14-day intervention phase, and post-intervention assessments. The standard group (n = 15) implemented a 2-h pre-bedtime smartphone restriction combined with general sleep hygiene guidance. The adapted group (n = 15) followed a progressive restriction protocol (30 -> 60 -> 120 min) supplemented with psychoeducational guidance targeting smartphone-related anxiety and a nightly slow-paced breathing routine. Objective sleep parameters were quantified using wrist-worn actigraphy. Subjective sleep quality, pre-sleep anxiety, and stress were assessed using visual analog scales. Cognitive performance (psychomotor vigilance task and choice reaction time) and physical performance (vertical jumps and agility) were evaluated at both morning and afternoon time points. Results: The adapted intervention produced significantly greater improvements in sleep efficiency (time & times; group: F(1,28) = 6.84, p = 0.014, eta p2 = 0.20; d = 0.78) and sleep onset latency (F(1,28) = 5.97, p = 0.021, eta p2 = 0.18; d = 0.72) compared with standard restriction. Significant reductions were also observed in pre-sleep anxiety (F(1,28) = 7.12, p = 0.012, eta p2 = 0.20; d = 0.81) and stress (F(1,28) = 6.45, p = 0.017, eta p2 = 0.19; d = 0.74). Cognitive performance showed significant time & times; group & times; time-of-day interactions, with improvements during afternoon assessments in psychomotor vigilance (F(1,28) = 7.48, p = 0.011; d = 0.83) and choice reaction time (F(1,28) = 6.89, p = 0.014; d = 0.79) exclusively in the adapted group. Physical performance outcomes remained stable across interventions. Conclusions: Progressive smartphone restriction combined with psychoeducational strategies and pre-sleep relaxation yields clinically meaningful improvements in sleep continuity, psychological arousal, and afternoon cognitive performance, exceeding the benefits achieved through behavioral restriction alone.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/life16020212
dc.identifier.issn2075-1729
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.pmid41752850
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105031418843
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/A
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life16020212
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/8444
dc.identifier.volume16
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001701578700001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofLife-Basel
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260820
dc.subjectActigraphy
dc.subjectAutonomic Nervous System
dc.subjectBreathing Exercises
dc.subjectChronobiology Disorders
dc.subjectPsychomotor Performance
dc.subjectSleep Quality
dc.subjectTechnology Addiction
dc.subjectVagus Nerve
dc.titleProgressive Smartphone Restriction Combined with Psychoeducational Guidance and Pre-Sleep Autonomic Regulation Improves Sleep Efficiency and Time-of-Day Cognitive Performance in Physically Active Students with Nomophobia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
dc.typeArticle

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