Simultaneous Detection of Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxins in Industrial and Traditional Red and isot Pepper Flakes along with Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment

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dc.authoridKarbancioglu Guler, Funda/0000-0001-6576-0084
dc.authoridOztekin, Sebahat/0000-0003-0859-1776
dc.contributor.authorOztekin, Sebahat
dc.contributor.authorKarbancioglu-Guler, Funda
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-04T18:52:54Z
dc.date.available2024-10-04T18:52:54Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentBayburt Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThis study focused on the co-occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in traditionally and industrially dried red pepper flakes (DRPFs) and isot pepper flakes (IPFs). Following the multitoxin immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was used to quantify AFs and OTA. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.11 and 0.18 mu g kg(-1) (AFB1), 0.04 and 0.08 mu g kg(-1) (AFB(2)), 0.13 and 0.18 mu g kg(-1) (AFG(1)), 0.04 and 0.11 mu g kg(-1) (AFG(2)), and 0.10 and 0.21 mu g kg(-1) (OTA), respectively. AFB(1), AFB(2), AFG(1), and OTA were found to be positive in 93, 74, 17, and 94% of all samples, respectively. The contamination levels in positive samples ranged from 0.23 to 38.69, 0.04 to 2.14, 0.13 to 0.88, and 0.18 to 52.19 mu g kg(-1) for AFB(1), AFB(2), AFG(1), and OTA, respectively, while no AFG(2) was found above the detection limit (0.04 mu g kg(-1)). None of the industrial isot peppers exceeded the European Union limits, while the levels of AFB(1) (5 mu g kg(-1)), total AFs (10 mu g kg(-1)), and OTA (20 mu g kg(-1)) of the traditional peppers were above the limit by 30% (16/54), 26% (14/54), and 4% (2/54), respectively. Co-occurrence of AFB(1)-AFB(2)-OTA was the most frequent, accounting for 54% (29/54) of all samples. At the upper bound (UB), estimated average exposure to AFB(1), total AFs, and OTA was determined to be 0.175, 0.189, and 0.124 ng kg(-1) bw day(-1) in all samples, respectively. The margin of exposure (MoE) value of AFB(1) and total AFs was found to be 977 and 909, indicating high health concerns compared to OTA (MoE >10,000). AFB(1) and total AFs may result in 0.0058 and 0.0062 liver cancer cases/100,000 person/year at UB, respectively, and weekly OTA exposure was 0.868 ng kg(-1) bw, well below the provisional tolerable weekly intake, hence not of health concern. AFs exposure could endanger health, whereas OTA posed no toxicological concerns through dried red pepper consumptionen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Council of Istanbul Technical University [37077]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported by the Scientific Research Council of Istanbul Technical University (grant no. 37077). The authors thank Dr. Harika Cankaya (Harran University, Department of Food Engineering) for kindly donating isot pepper flakes.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acsomega.2c02236
dc.identifier.endpage31766en_US
dc.identifier.issn2470-1343
dc.identifier.issue36en_US
dc.identifier.pmid36120009en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85137651610en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage31756en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c02236
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/3684
dc.identifier.volume7en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000862751000001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAmer Chemical Socen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAcs Omegaen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectImmunoaffinity Column Cleanupen_US
dc.subjectLiquid-Chromatographyen_US
dc.subjectCapsicum-Annuumen_US
dc.subjectCooccurrenceen_US
dc.subjectMycotoxinsen_US
dc.subjectContaminationen_US
dc.subjectSpicesen_US
dc.subjectPaprikaen_US
dc.subjectFooden_US
dc.subjectZearalenoneen_US
dc.titleSimultaneous Detection of Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxins in Industrial and Traditional Red and isot Pepper Flakes along with Dietary Exposure Risk Assessmenten_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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