Cognitive improvement and hippocampal BDNF/GFAP alterations by Schinus molle essential oil in a rat model of scopolamine-induced amnesia

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dc.contributor.authorUcel, Umut Irfan
dc.contributor.authorKandemir, Ummuhan
dc.contributor.authorYazici, Cevsen
dc.contributor.authorBilgin, Oznur
dc.contributor.authorYucel, Nazli Turan
dc.contributor.authorOzek, Temel
dc.contributor.authorCan, Ozgur Devrim
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-01T15:52:38Z
dc.date.available2026-09-01T15:52:38Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentBayburt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractEthnopharmacological relevance Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) has been traditionally used for conditions related to the nervous system and emotional well-being, often through aromatic preparations. However, its cognition-specific effects have not yet been investigated. Aim of the study To assess the cognitive effects of the fruit-derived essential oil of Schinus molle L. (SMEO), administered via oral and inhalation routes, in a rat model of scopolamine-induced amnesia. Materials and methods SMEO was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterised by GC-MS/GC-FID. Amnesic rats received SMEO for 14 days by inhalation (1% or 3%) or oral gavage (100 or 200 mg/kg). Cognition was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM), passive avoidance (PA), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests; locomotion was measured by activity-meter. Hippocampal BDNF and GFAP immunoreactivity were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results SMEO was dominated by alpha-phellandrene (48.7%). Scopolamine impaired cognition, whereas SMEO attenuated deficits with efficacy comparable to piracetam. Key behavioural and immunohistochemical findings (main omnibus statistical effects) were as follows: In the MWM, treatment and time effects on escape latency were significant (both p < 0.001), and probe performance improved (p < 0.001). PA retention was restored (p < 0.001) and the NOR index improved (p < 0.001), without locomotor changes (all p > 0.05). Scopolamine reduced hippocampal BDNF immunoreactivity in CA1 and DG (p < 0.01) and CA3 (p < 0.001), which was restored by SMEO via both routes. GFAP immunoreactivity was reduced in CA1/CA3/DG (all p < 0.001) and was rescued selectively after inhalation. Conclusions These findings provide preclinical evidence consistent with an ethnopharmacological rationale for SMEO and support further translational work to clarify its relevance beyond this experimental paradigm.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Anadolu University [2110S181] -- This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Anadolu University under the project number 2110S181.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jep.2026.121309
dc.identifier.issn0378-8741
dc.identifier.issn1872-7573
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0527-7757
dc.identifier.pmid41633493
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105031669913
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2026.121309
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/8523
dc.identifier.volume362
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001686110500001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Ireland Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Ethnopharmacology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260820
dc.subjectBdnf
dc.subjectCognitive Function
dc.subjectGfap
dc.subjectSchinus Molle Essential Oil
dc.subjectScopolamine-Induced Amnesia
dc.subjectAromatherapy
dc.titleCognitive improvement and hippocampal BDNF/GFAP alterations by Schinus molle essential oil in a rat model of scopolamine-induced amnesia
dc.typeArticle

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