Casein Supplementation Timing and Exercise Performance in Soccer Players: Pre-Sleep vs. Post-Exercise Intake-A Randomized Controlled Trial

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dc.authorid0000-0003-1133-5511
dc.authorid0000-0002-2166-6675
dc.authorid0000-0001-6221-546X
dc.authorid0000-0002-0734-2973
dc.authorid0000-0003-4615-6687
dc.contributor.authorBayrakdaroglu, Serdar
dc.contributor.authorAtes, Zeynep Hazal
dc.contributor.authorCeylan, Halil Ibrahim
dc.contributor.authorKul, Murat
dc.contributor.authorMuntean, Raul Ioan
dc.contributor.authorDhahbi, Wissem
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-28T12:18:20Z
dc.date.available2026-02-28T12:18:20Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentBayburt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Nutrient timing strategies may influence recovery and performance in athletes; however, the effects of ingesting casein protein before sleep versus immediately after exercise remain unclear. This study compared the acute effects of pre-sleep and post-exercise ingestion of casein on high-intensity anaerobic performance in highly trained soccer players. Methods: Twenty-four highly trained male soccer players (mean age: 20.6 +/- 1.8 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: post-exercise casein ingestion group (PECIG; n = 8), pre-sleep casein ingestion group (PSCIG; n = 8), and control group (CG; n = 8). Following a standardized high-intensity resistance training protocol, participants consumed 30 g of micellar casein dissolved in 300 mL of water either immediately after exercise or 30-60 min before bedtime. Performance was assessed using the Countermovement Jump (CMJ), the Illinois Agility Test (IAT), and the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), which were conducted both before and 24 h after the training session. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant group-by-time effects for CMJ (F = 8.21, p = 0.002, eta(2)p = 0.36) and RAST performance variables, including peak power (F = 6.94, p = 0.003, eta(2)p = 0.32), mean power (F = 7.42, p = 0.002, eta(2)p = 0.34), and fatigue index (F = 5.87, p = 0.008, eta(2)p = 0.28). Post hoc analyses showed that PSCIG significantly improved CMJ (Delta = +1.45 cm; p < 0.001, d = 2.04) and RAST mean power (Delta = +125.14 W; p = 0.002, d = 1.55) compared with the control condition. PECIG significantly enhanced RAST peak power (Delta = +205.79 W; p = 0.001, d = 1.64), mean power (Delta = +128.43 W; p = 0.013, d = 1.24), and fatigue index (Delta = +4.12 W/s; p = 0.010, d = 1.29) relative to CG. No performance differences were observed between PSCIG and PECIG timing conditions (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both pre-sleep and post-exercise casein ingestion enhanced anaerobic performance in highly trained soccer players, with each timing method favoring different performance outcomes. However, neither strategy demonstrated superiority over the other, suggesting that casein timing may be flexibly applied according to athletes' preferences and training contexts.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu17243938
dc.identifier.issn2072-6643
dc.identifier.issue24
dc.identifier.pmid41470882
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105026114688
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243938
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/6197
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001648561200001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofNutrients
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260218
dc.subjectcasein
dc.subjecttiming
dc.subjectanaerobic performance
dc.subjectrecovery
dc.subjectsoccer players
dc.titleCasein Supplementation Timing and Exercise Performance in Soccer Players: Pre-Sleep vs. Post-Exercise Intake-A Randomized Controlled Trial
dc.typeArticle

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