Phy-X/ZeXTRa: a software for robust calculation of effective atomic numbers for photon, electron, proton, alpha particle, and carbon ion interactions

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dc.authoridOzpolat, Ozgur Firat/0000-0002-4533-4368
dc.authoridKurudirek, Murat/0000-0002-1626-7629
dc.authoridALIM, Bunyamin/0000-0002-4143-9787
dc.authoridBuyukyildiz, Mehmet/0000-0003-2025-4916
dc.contributor.authorOzpolat, O. F.
dc.contributor.authorAlim, B.
dc.contributor.authorSakar, E.
dc.contributor.authorBuyukyildiz, M.
dc.contributor.authorKurudirek, M.
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-04T18:52:39Z
dc.date.available2024-10-04T18:52:39Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.departmentBayburt Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe purpose of the present work is robust calculation of effective atomic numbers (Zeff for photon, electron, proton, alpha particle and carbon ion interactions through the newly developed software, Phy-X/ZeXTRa (Z(eff) of materials for X-Type Radiation attenuation). A pool of total mass attenuation and energy absorption coefficients (for photons) and total mass stopping powers (for charged particles) for elements was constructed first. Then, a matrix of interaction cross sections for elements Z = 1-92 was constructed. Finally, effective atomic numbers were calculated for any material by interpolating adjacent cross sections through a linear logarithmic interpolation formula. The results for Zefffor photon interaction were compared with those calculated through Mayneord's formula, which suggests a single-valued Zeff for any material for low-energy photons for which photoelectric absorption is the dominant interaction process. The single-valued Zeff was found to agree well with that obtained by other methods, in the low-energy region. In addition, Zeff values of various materials of biological interest were compared with those obtained experimentally at 59.54 keV. In general, the agreement between values calculated with Phy-X/ZeXTRa and Auto-Zeff and those measured were satisfactory.A comparison of Zeff values for photon energy absorption calculated with Phy-X/ZeXTRa and literature values for a nucleotide base, adenine, was made, and the relative difference (RD) in Zeff between Phy-X/ZeXTRa and literature values was found to be 2% < RD < 11%, at low photon energies (1-100 keV), while it was less than 1% at energies higher than 100 keV. Highest Zeff values were observed at low photon energies, where photoelectric absorption dominates photon interaction. For electrons, corresponding RD(%) values in Zeff were found to be in the range 0.4 <= RD(%) <= 1.7, while for heavy charged particle interactions it was 2.4 <= RD(%) <= 4.2 for total proton interaction and 0 <= RD(%) <= 8 for total alpha particle interaction. In view of the importance of Zefffor identifying and differentiating tissues in diagnostic imaging as well as for estimating accurate dose in radiotherapy and particle-beam therapy, Phy-X/ZeXTRa could be used for fast and accurate calculation of Zef in a wide energy range for both photon and charged particle (electrons, protons, alpha particles and C ions) interactions.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00411-019-00829-7
dc.identifier.endpage329en_US
dc.identifier.issn0301-634X
dc.identifier.issn1432-2099
dc.identifier.issue2en_US
dc.identifier.pmid31960126en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85078281695en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpage321en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-019-00829-7
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/3602
dc.identifier.volume59en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000527328500011en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.relation.ispartofRadiation and Environmental Biophysicsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectEffective atomic numberen_US
dc.subjectPhotonen_US
dc.subjectElectronen_US
dc.subjectProtonen_US
dc.subjectAlpha particleen_US
dc.subjectCarbon ionen_US
dc.titlePhy-X/ZeXTRa: a software for robust calculation of effective atomic numbers for photon, electron, proton, alpha particle, and carbon ion interactionsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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