Eco-friendly reduction of graphene oxide using urea: An optimized approach for high-performance rGO

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dc.authorid0000-0002-2640-5976
dc.authorid0000-0002-8380-4519
dc.authorid0000-0001-6763-3249
dc.authorid0000-0001-7335-4158
dc.contributor.authorUcuncuoglu, Didar
dc.contributor.authorBektas, Enes
dc.contributor.authorKarakas, I. brahim Hakki
dc.contributor.authorBhuiyan, Mohammad Ruhul Amin
dc.contributor.authorKorucu, Haluk
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-28T12:17:55Z
dc.date.available2026-02-28T12:17:55Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentBayburt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe growing demand for environmentally friendly and cost-effective approaches has accelerated the development of sustainable methods for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In this study, urea was utilized as a green reducing agent for rGO synthesis, offering an alternative to conventional toxic chemicals. The synthesized rGO was comprehensively characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, BET analysis, zeta potential, and conductivity measurements. These analyses revealed key functional, structural, and morphological properties, including surface functional groups, elemental composition, carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio, particle size (PS), crystallite size (CS), specific surface area (SSA), zeta potential (ZP), thermal conductivity (TC), and electrical conductivity (EC). Process optimization was performed using the Taguchi L4(23) orthogonal array design across nine quality parameters. Under optimal conditions, notable enhancements were achieved: C/ O ratio increased by 108%, ID/IG ratio by 164%, I2D/IG ratio by 26%, CS by 75%, and SSA by 134%, while PS was reduced by 37%. Furthermore, ZP and TC increased by 58% and 33%, respectively, whereas EC was reduced by 97%. These findings demonstrate the potential of urea as a sustainable and effective reducing agent in the production of high-performance rGO materials.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118572
dc.identifier.issn0921-5107
dc.identifier.issn1873-4944
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105009700467
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118572
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/6011
dc.identifier.volume322
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001530484900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofMaterials Science And Engineering B-Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260218
dc.subjectReduced Graphene Oxide
dc.subjectTaguchi Method
dc.subjectHummers Method
dc.subjectChemical Reduction
dc.subjectGraphene Oxide
dc.titleEco-friendly reduction of graphene oxide using urea: An optimized approach for high-performance rGO
dc.typeArticle

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