Assessment of radiological hazards arising from natural radioactivity in Bayburt stones used in buildings and possible effects on public health

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dc.contributor.authorDizman, Serdar
dc.contributor.authorUmar, Muttaka
dc.contributor.authorHatipoglu, Yavuz Selim
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-01T15:52:34Z
dc.date.available2026-09-01T15:52:34Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentBayburt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground Since ancient times, natural stones have served as essential materials in construction, landscaping, and artistic applications. Bayburt stone is one of the most important stones used in and around Bayburt, in the Eastern Black Sea region of T & uuml;rkiye. It has been frequently used in buildings (castle, house, etc.), street flooring, fountains, and places of worship from ancient times to the present day. Due to their underground origin, natural stones contain natural radioisotopes in various concentrations, making the assessment of their radioactivity levels important for public health.Objective This study aims to determine the natural radioactivity levels of Bayburt stones used in buildings and to assess the potential radiological hazards and possible effects on public health.Methods Natural radioactivity levels (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) were determined in a total of 36 Bayburt stone samples, 30 from five different quarries and 6 from a natural stone factory in Bayburt province. High-purity germanium (HPGe) spectrometry was employed to measure radioactivity concentrations. Additionally, several radiological hazard indices (Raeq, Hin, I gamma, D, AEDE, AGDE, and ELCR) were calculated and compared with reference limits proposed by international organizations.Results The radioactivity concentrations in the Bayburt stone samples ranged from 1.56 to 23.54 Bq/kg for 226Ra, from 0.53 to 23.69 Bq/kg for 232Th, and from 10.31 to 505.35 Bq/kg for 40K. The average activity concentrations were found to be 5.56 +/- 0.90 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 4.62 +/- 0.65 Bq/kg for 232Th, and 179.12 +/- 9.88 Bq/kg for 40K. The average values of Raeq, Hin, I gamma, D, AEDE, AGDE, and ELCR were found to be 18.68 Bq/kg, 0.07, 0.14, 8.91 nGy/h, 43,72 mu Sv/y, 63.06 mu Sv/y, and 17.07 & times; 10-5, respectively. All calculated radiological hazard indices were below the recommended safety limits.Conclusion The findings indicate that the Bayburt stone samples investigated are suitable for construction purposes and do not pose significant radiological hazards to human health when used in building environments.
dc.description.sponsorshipRecep Tayyip Erdogan niversitesi -- The author(s) declared that financial support was received for this work and/or its publication. This study has been supported by the Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Development Foundation (Grant Number: 02025012001844). This study has been also supported by the Recep Tayyip Erdogan University's Scientific Research Projects Department (Project Code: FBA-2025-2036).
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpubh.2026.1821213
dc.identifier.issn2296-2565
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2900-9669
dc.identifier.pmid42110249
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105038526132
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/A
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1821213
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/8456
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001757787100001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media Sa
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Public Health
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260820
dc.subjectBayburt
dc.subjectMining Site
dc.subjectNatural Stone
dc.subjectRadioactivity
dc.subjectRisk Assessment
dc.titleAssessment of radiological hazards arising from natural radioactivity in Bayburt stones used in buildings and possible effects on public health
dc.typeArticle

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