Simple and inexpensive microwave setup for industrial based applications: Quantification of flower honey adulteration as a case study

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dc.contributor.authorHasar, Ugur C.
dc.contributor.authorHasar, Hafize
dc.contributor.authorOzturk, Hamdullah
dc.contributor.authorKorkmaz, Huseyin
dc.contributor.authorKaya, Yunus
dc.contributor.authorOzkaya, Mehmet Akif
dc.contributor.authorEbrahimi, Amir
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-04T18:52:54Z
dc.date.available2024-10-04T18:52:54Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentBayburt Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractA simple and inexpensive microwave measurement setup based on measurements of magnitudes of transmission properties ( | S 21 | dB \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$|S_{21}|_{\text {dB}}$$\end{document} ) is proposed for industrial-based microwave aquametry (moisture or water content) applications. An easy-to-apply calibration procedure based on normalization is implemented to eliminate systematic errors in the measurement system. As a case study, we applied this setup for the quantification of water-adulteration in flower honey. After validating this system by distilled water and pure flower honey measurements, | S 21 | dB \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$|S_{21}|_{\text {dB}}$$\end{document} measurements of the pure flower honey with various adulteration percentages ( delta \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\delta$$\end{document} ) up to 9% are conducted to examine the performance of the measurement setup for quantification of water adulteration. A multi-dimensional fitting procedure is implemented to predict delta \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\delta$$\end{document} using the proposed inexpensive microwave measurement setup. It is shown that it is possible to quantify an adulteration level with an accuracy better than -/+ 1 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mp } 1$$\end{document} % by the proposed measurement setup and the applied multi-dimensional fitting procedure.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipTUBITAK BIDEB program [2211/C]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe author H. Korkmaz acknowledges the TUBITAK BIDEB 2211/C program for supporting his studies.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-024-59346-3
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.issue1en_US
dc.identifier.pmid38632278en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85190539836en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59346-3
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/3682
dc.identifier.volume14en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001205348700020en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherNature Portfolioen_US
dc.relation.ispartofScientific Reportsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectAdulterationen_US
dc.subjectCheaperen_US
dc.subjectHoneyen_US
dc.subjectInstrumenten_US
dc.subjectMicrowaveen_US
dc.subjectSimple calibrationen_US
dc.subjectWateren_US
dc.titleSimple and inexpensive microwave setup for industrial based applications: Quantification of flower honey adulteration as a case studyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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