Climate-driven synchronization of honey bee flight activity and plant phenology in Türkiye: development of a Beekeeping Climate Suitability Index (BCSI)
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2026
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Uludag University
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) provide essential pollination services that depend on the temporal synchronization between flight activity and plant flowering phenology, both strongly influenced by climatic conditions. However, this relationship remains insufficiently quantified at large spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we quantified climate-driven honey bee flight activity and its alignment with flowering phenology of major nectar plants in Türkiye using ERA5-Land data for the period 1981–2023. Suitable flight days were defined based on temperature (?12°C) and precipitation (0 mm), and seasonal suitability was evaluated at a monthly scale. A composite Beekeeping Climate Suitability Index (BCSI) was developed by integrating flight activity, flowering overlap and nectar flow window. The number of suitable flight periods ranged between 4 and 7 months (mean ?5.5), indicating substantial interannual variability. Flight flowering synchrony was low for early-spring species (23–35%) but reached 100% for summer species. BCSI values ranged from 0.44 to 1.00, capturing variability in climatic suitability for beekeeping. These findings demonstrate that climatic variability plays a decisive role in shaping bee plant interactions and provide a quantitative basis for climate-informed beekeeping management. © 2026 Bursa Uludag University International copyright: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 This article is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 To view a copy of this licence, visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/4.0/
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Apis Mellifera, Climatic Variability, Era5-Land, Nectar Flow, Pollinator Ecology
Kaynak
Uludag Aricilik Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Q3
Cilt
26
