Climate-driven synchronization of honey bee flight activity and plant phenology in Türkiye: development of a Beekeeping Climate Suitability Index (BCSI)

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dc.contributor.authorErdoğan, Yaşar
dc.contributor.authorErdoğan, Ümmügülsüm
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-01T15:48:04Z
dc.date.available2026-09-01T15:48:04Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentBayburt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractHoney bees (Apis mellifera L.) provide essential pollination services that depend on the temporal synchronization between flight activity and plant flowering phenology, both strongly influenced by climatic conditions. However, this relationship remains insufficiently quantified at large spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we quantified climate-driven honey bee flight activity and its alignment with flowering phenology of major nectar plants in Türkiye using ERA5-Land data for the period 1981–2023. Suitable flight days were defined based on temperature (?12°C) and precipitation (0 mm), and seasonal suitability was evaluated at a monthly scale. A composite Beekeeping Climate Suitability Index (BCSI) was developed by integrating flight activity, flowering overlap and nectar flow window. The number of suitable flight periods ranged between 4 and 7 months (mean ?5.5), indicating substantial interannual variability. Flight flowering synchrony was low for early-spring species (23–35%) but reached 100% for summer species. BCSI values ranged from 0.44 to 1.00, capturing variability in climatic suitability for beekeeping. These findings demonstrate that climatic variability plays a decisive role in shaping bee plant interactions and provide a quantitative basis for climate-informed beekeeping management. © 2026 Bursa Uludag University International copyright: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 This article is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 To view a copy of this licence, visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/4.0/
dc.identifier.doi10.31467/uluaricilik.1912124
dc.identifier.endpage12
dc.identifier.issn1303-0248
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105046019880
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1912124
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/8365
dc.identifier.volume26
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBursa Uludag University
dc.relation.ispartofUludag Aricilik Dergisi
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260820
dc.subjectApis Mellifera
dc.subjectClimatic Variability
dc.subjectEra5-Land
dc.subjectNectar Flow
dc.subjectPollinator Ecology
dc.titleClimate-driven synchronization of honey bee flight activity and plant phenology in Türkiye: development of a Beekeeping Climate Suitability Index (BCSI)
dc.typeArticle

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